docs: update FEDERATION.md to more closely follow FEP conventions. (#28838)

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## ActivityPub federation in Mastodon # Federation
## Supported federation protocols and standards
- [ActivityPub](https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/) (Server-to-Server)
- [WebFinger](https://webfinger.net/)
- [Http Signatures](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-cavage-http-signatures)
- [NodeInfo](https://nodeinfo.diaspora.software/)
## Supported FEPs
- [FEP-67ff: FEDERATION.md](https://codeberg.org/fediverse/fep/src/branch/main/fep/67ff/fep-67ff.md)
- [FEP-f1d5: NodeInfo in Fediverse Software](https://codeberg.org/fediverse/fep/src/branch/main/fep/f1d5/fep-f1d5.md)
- [FEP-8fcf: Followers collection synchronization across servers](https://codeberg.org/fediverse/fep/src/branch/main/fep/8fcf/fep-8fcf.md)
- [FEP-5feb: Search indexing consent for actors](https://codeberg.org/fediverse/fep/src/branch/main/fep/5feb/fep-5feb.md)
## ActivityPub in Mastodon
Mastodon largely follows the ActivityPub server-to-server specification but it makes uses of some non-standard extensions, some of which are required for interacting with Mastodon at all. Mastodon largely follows the ActivityPub server-to-server specification but it makes uses of some non-standard extensions, some of which are required for interacting with Mastodon at all.
Supported vocabulary: https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/activitypub/ - [Supported ActivityPub vocabulary](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/activitypub/)
### Required extensions ### Required extensions
#### Webfinger #### WebFinger
In Mastodon, users are identified by a `username` and `domain` pair (e.g., `Gargron@mastodon.social`). In Mastodon, users are identified by a `username` and `domain` pair (e.g., `Gargron@mastodon.social`).
This is used both for discovery and for unambiguously mentioning users across the fediverse. Furthermore, this is part of Mastodon's database design from its very beginnings. This is used both for discovery and for unambiguously mentioning users across the fediverse. Furthermore, this is part of Mastodon's database design from its very beginnings.
As a result, Mastodon requires that each ActivityPub actor uniquely maps back to an `acct:` URI that can be resolved via WebFinger. As a result, Mastodon requires that each ActivityPub actor uniquely maps back to an `acct:` URI that can be resolved via WebFinger.
More information and examples are available at: https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/webfinger/ - [WebFinger information and examples](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/webfinger/)
#### HTTP Signatures #### HTTP Signatures
@ -21,11 +37,13 @@ In order to authenticate activities, Mastodon relies on HTTP Signatures, signing
Mastodon requires all `POST` requests to be signed, and MAY require `GET` requests to be signed, depending on the configuration of the Mastodon server. Mastodon requires all `POST` requests to be signed, and MAY require `GET` requests to be signed, depending on the configuration of the Mastodon server.
More information on HTTP Signatures, as well as examples, can be found here: https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/security/#http - [HTTP Signatures information and examples](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/security/#http)
### Optional extensions ### Optional extensions
- Linked-Data Signatures: https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/security/#ld - [Linked-Data Signatures](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/security/#ld)
- Bearcaps: https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/bearcaps/ - [Bearcaps](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/spec/bearcaps/)
- Followers collection synchronization: https://codeberg.org/fediverse/fep/src/branch/main/fep/8fcf/fep-8fcf.md
- Search indexing consent for actors: https://codeberg.org/fediverse/fep/src/branch/main/fep/5feb/fep-5feb.md ### Additional documentation
- [Mastodon documentation](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/)