Merge branch 'master' into glitch-soc/merge-upstream

Conflicts: - `app/controllers/accounts_controller.rb`: Upstream change too close to a glitch-soc change related to instance-local toots. Merged upstream changes. - `app/services/fan_out_on_write_service.rb`: Minor conflict due to glitch-soc's handling of Direct Messages, merged upstream changes. - `yarn.lock`: Not really a conflict, caused by glitch-soc-only dependencies being textually too close to updated upstream dependencies. Merged upstream changes.
2024-12-13 06:35:08 +01:00 · 2020-08-30 16:13:08 +02:00 · 2020-08-30 16:13:08 +02:00 · 8c3c27bf06
commit 8c3c27bf06
parent 30632adf9e 52157fdcba
109 changed files with 2948 additions and 1238 deletions
--- a/1
+++ b/1
@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ libidn11
 libidn11-dev
 libpq-dev
 libprotobuf-dev
-libssl-dev
 libxdamage1
 libxfixes3
 protobuf-compiler
--- a/9
+++ b/9
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ gem 'makara', '~> 0.4'
 gem 'pghero', '~> 2.7'
 gem 'dotenv-rails', '~> 2.7'

-gem 'aws-sdk-s3', '~> 1.76', require: false
+gem 'aws-sdk-s3', '~> 1.78', require: false
 gem 'fog-core', '<= 2.1.0'
 gem 'fog-openstack', '~> 0.3', require: false
 gem 'paperclip', '~> 6.0'
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ gem 'fast_blank', '~> 1.0'
 gem 'fastimage'
 gem 'goldfinger', '~> 2.1'
 gem 'hiredis', '~> 0.6'
-gem 'redis-namespace', '~> 1.7'
+gem 'redis-namespace', '~> 1.8'
 gem 'health_check', git: 'https://github.com/ianheggie/health_check', ref: '0b799ead604f900ed50685e9b2d469cd2befba5b'
 gem 'htmlentities', '~> 4.3'
 gem 'http', '~> 4.4'
@ -97,8 +97,9 @@ gem 'strong_migrations', '~> 0.7'
 gem 'tty-prompt', '~> 0.22', require: false
 gem 'twitter-text', '~> 1.14'
 gem 'tzinfo-data', '~> 1.2020'
-gem 'webpacker', '~> 5.1'
+gem 'webpacker', '~> 5.2'
 gem 'webpush'
+gem 'webauthn', '~> 3.0.0.alpha1'

 gem 'json-ld'
 gem 'json-ld-preloaded', '~> 3.1'
@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ group :test do
  gem 'microformats', '~> 4.2'
  gem 'rails-controller-testing', '~> 1.0'
  gem 'rspec-sidekiq', '~> 3.1'
-  gem 'simplecov', '~> 0.18', require: false
+  gem 'simplecov', '~> 0.19', require: false
  gem 'webmock', '~> 3.8'
  gem 'parallel_tests', '~> 3.1'
  gem 'rspec_junit_formatter', '~> 0.4'
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ GEM
      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 5.0)
    airbrussh (1.4.0)
      sshkit (>= 1.6.1, != 1.7.0)
+    android_key_attestation (0.3.0)
    annotate (3.1.1)
      activerecord (>= 3.2, < 7.0)
      rake (>= 10.4, < 14.0)
@ -76,9 +77,10 @@ GEM
      encryptor (~> 3.0.0)
    av (0.9.0)
      cocaine (~> 0.5.3)
+    awrence (1.1.1)
    aws-eventstream (1.1.0)
-    aws-partitions (1.356.0)
-    aws-sdk-core (3.104.3)
+    aws-partitions (1.358.0)
+    aws-sdk-core (3.104.4)
      aws-eventstream (~> 1, >= 1.0.2)
      aws-partitions (~> 1, >= 1.239.0)
      aws-sigv4 (~> 1.1)
@ -86,22 +88,24 @@ GEM
    aws-sdk-kms (1.36.0)
      aws-sdk-core (~> 3, >= 3.99.0)
      aws-sigv4 (~> 1.1)
-    aws-sdk-s3 (1.76.0)
-      aws-sdk-core (~> 3, >= 3.104.1)
+    aws-sdk-s3 (1.78.0)
+      aws-sdk-core (~> 3, >= 3.104.3)
      aws-sdk-kms (~> 1)
      aws-sigv4 (~> 1.1)
-    aws-sigv4 (1.2.1)
+    aws-sigv4 (1.2.2)
      aws-eventstream (~> 1, >= 1.0.2)
    bcrypt (3.1.15)
    better_errors (2.7.1)
      coderay (>= 1.0.0)
      erubi (>= 1.0.0)
      rack (>= 0.9.0)
+    bigdecimal (2.0.0)
+    bindata (2.4.8)
    binding_of_caller (0.8.0)
      debug_inspector (>= 0.0.1)
    blurhash (0.1.4)
      ffi (~> 1.10.0)
-    bootsnap (1.4.7)
+    bootsnap (1.4.8)
      msgpack (~> 1.0)
    brakeman (4.9.0)
    browser (4.2.0)
@ -138,6 +142,7 @@ GEM
      xpath (~> 3.2)
    case_transform (0.2)
      activesupport
+    cbor (0.5.9.6)
    charlock_holmes (0.7.7)
    chewy (5.1.0)
      activesupport (>= 4.0)
@ -153,6 +158,9 @@ GEM
    color_diff (0.1)
    concurrent-ruby (1.1.7)
    connection_pool (2.2.3)
+    cose (1.0.0)
+      cbor (~> 0.5.9)
+      openssl-signature_algorithm (~> 0.4.0)
    crack (0.4.3)
      safe_yaml (~> 1.0.0)
    crass (1.0.6)
@ -188,13 +196,13 @@ GEM
      railties (>= 3.2)
    e2mmap (0.1.0)
    ed25519 (1.2.4)
-    elasticsearch (7.8.1)
-      elasticsearch-api (= 7.8.1)
-      elasticsearch-transport (= 7.8.1)
-    elasticsearch-api (7.8.1)
+    elasticsearch (7.9.0)
+      elasticsearch-api (= 7.9.0)
+      elasticsearch-transport (= 7.9.0)
+    elasticsearch-api (7.9.0)
      multi_json
    elasticsearch-dsl (0.1.9)
-    elasticsearch-transport (7.8.1)
+    elasticsearch-transport (7.9.0)
      faraday (~> 1)
      multi_json
    encryptor (3.0.0)
@ -299,7 +307,7 @@ GEM
      json-ld (~> 3.1)
      rdf (~> 3.1)
    jsonapi-renderer (0.2.2)
-    jwt (2.2.1)
+    jwt (2.2.2)
    kaminari (1.2.1)
      activesupport (>= 4.1.0)
      kaminari-actionview (= 1.2.1)
@ -352,7 +360,7 @@ GEM
    msgpack (1.3.3)
    multi_json (1.15.0)
    multipart-post (2.1.1)
-    net-ldap (0.16.2)
+    net-ldap (0.16.3)
    net-scp (3.0.0)
      net-ssh (>= 2.6.5, < 7.0.0)
    net-ssh (6.1.0)
@ -366,7 +374,8 @@ GEM
      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
      sidekiq (>= 3.5)
      statsd-ruby (~> 1.4, >= 1.4.0)
-    oj (3.10.8)
+    oj (3.10.12)
+      bigdecimal (>= 1.0, < 3)
    omniauth (1.9.1)
      hashie (>= 3.4.6)
      rack (>= 1.6.2, < 3)
@ -377,6 +386,8 @@ GEM
    omniauth-saml (1.10.2)
      omniauth (~> 1.3, >= 1.3.2)
      ruby-saml (~> 1.9)
+    openssl (2.2.0)
+    openssl-signature_algorithm (0.4.0)
    orm_adapter (0.5.0)
    ox (2.13.2)
    paperclip (6.0.0)
@ -481,9 +492,9 @@ GEM
    redis-activesupport (5.2.0)
      activesupport (>= 3, < 7)
      redis-store (>= 1.3, < 2)
-    redis-namespace (1.7.0)
+    redis-namespace (1.8.0)
      redis (>= 3.0.4)
-    redis-rack (2.1.2)
+    redis-rack (2.1.3)
      rack (>= 2.0.8, < 3)
      redis-store (>= 1.2, < 2)
    redis-rails (5.0.2)
@ -548,10 +559,13 @@ GEM
    rufus-scheduler (3.6.0)
      fugit (~> 1.1, >= 1.1.6)
    safe_yaml (1.0.5)
+    safety_net_attestation (0.4.0)
+      jwt (~> 2.0)
    sanitize (5.2.1)
      crass (~> 1.0.2)
      nokogiri (>= 1.8.0)
      nokogumbo (~> 2.0)
+    securecompare (1.0.0)
    semantic_range (2.3.0)
    sidekiq (6.1.1)
      connection_pool (>= 2.2.2)
@ -575,7 +589,7 @@ GEM
    simple_form (5.0.2)
      actionpack (>= 5.0)
      activemodel (>= 5.0)
-    simplecov (0.18.5)
+    simplecov (0.19.0)
      docile (~> 1.1)
      simplecov-html (~> 0.11)
    simplecov-html (0.12.2)
@ -606,6 +620,9 @@ GEM
    thwait (0.2.0)
      e2mmap
    tilt (2.0.10)
+    tpm-key_attestation (0.9.0)
+      bindata (~> 2.4)
+      openssl-signature_algorithm (~> 0.4.0)
    tty-color (0.5.2)
    tty-cursor (0.7.1)
    tty-prompt (0.22.0)
@ -629,11 +646,21 @@ GEM
    uniform_notifier (1.13.0)
    warden (1.2.8)
      rack (>= 2.0.6)
+    webauthn (3.0.0.alpha1)
+      android_key_attestation (~> 0.3.0)
+      awrence (~> 1.1)
+      bindata (~> 2.4)
+      cbor (~> 0.5.9)
+      cose (~> 1.0)
+      openssl (~> 2.0)
+      safety_net_attestation (~> 0.4.0)
+      securecompare (~> 1.0)
+      tpm-key_attestation (~> 0.9.0)
    webmock (3.8.3)
      addressable (>= 2.3.6)
      crack (>= 0.3.2)
      hashdiff (>= 0.4.0, < 2.0.0)
-    webpacker (5.1.1)
+    webpacker (5.2.1)
      activesupport (>= 5.2)
      rack-proxy (>= 0.6.1)
      railties (>= 5.2)
@ -656,7 +683,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
  active_record_query_trace (~> 1.7)
  addressable (~> 2.7)
  annotate (~> 3.1)
-  aws-sdk-s3 (~> 1.76)
+  aws-sdk-s3 (~> 1.78)
  better_errors (~> 2.7)
  binding_of_caller (~> 0.7)
  blurhash (~> 0.1)
@ -749,7 +776,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
  rdf-normalize (~> 0.4)
  redcarpet (~> 3.4)
  redis (~> 4.2)
-  redis-namespace (~> 1.7)
+  redis-namespace (~> 1.8)
  redis-rails (~> 5.0)
  rqrcode (~> 1.1)
  rspec-rails (~> 4.0)
@ -765,7 +792,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
  sidekiq-unique-jobs (~> 6.0)
  simple-navigation (~> 4.1)
  simple_form (~> 5.0)
-  simplecov (~> 0.18)
+  simplecov (~> 0.19)
  sprockets (~> 3.7.2)
  sprockets-rails (~> 3.2)
  stackprof
@ -777,6 +804,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
  tty-prompt (~> 0.22)
  twitter-text (~> 1.14)
  tzinfo-data (~> 1.2020)
+  webauthn (~> 3.0.0.alpha1)
  webmock (~> 3.8)
-  webpacker (~> 5.1)
+  webpacker (~> 5.2)
  webpush
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-web: if [ "$RUN_STREAMING" != "true" ]; then BIND=0.0.0.0 bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb; else BIND=0.0.0.0 node ./streaming; fi
+web: bin/heroku-web
 worker: bundle exec sidekiq

 # For the streaming API, you need a separate app that shares Postgres and Redis:
--- a/app/controllers/accounts_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/accounts_controller.rb
@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ class AccountsController < ApplicationController
        end

        @pinned_statuses = cache_collection(@account.pinned_statuses.not_local_only, Status) if show_pinned_statuses?
-        @statuses        = filtered_status_page
-        @statuses        = cache_collection(@statuses, Status)
+        @statuses        = cached_filtered_status_page
        @rss_url         = rss_url

        unless @statuses.empty?
@ -143,8 +142,13 @@ class AccountsController < ApplicationController
    request.path.split('.').first.ends_with?(Addressable::URI.parse("/tagged/#{params[:tag]}").normalize)
  end

-  def filtered_status_page
-    filtered_statuses.paginate_by_id(PAGE_SIZE, params_slice(:max_id, :min_id, :since_id))
+  def cached_filtered_status_page
+    cache_collection_paginated_by_id(
+      filtered_statuses,
+      Status,
+      PAGE_SIZE,
+      params_slice(:max_id, :min_id, :since_id)
+    )
  end

  def params_slice(*keys)
--- a/app/controllers/activitypub/outboxes_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/activitypub/outboxes_controller.rb
@ -50,8 +50,12 @@ class ActivityPub::OutboxesController < ActivityPub::BaseController
    return unless page_requested?

    @statuses = @account.statuses.permitted_for(@account, signed_request_account)
-    @statuses = @statuses.paginate_by_id(LIMIT, params_slice(:max_id, :min_id, :since_id))
-    @statuses = cache_collection(@statuses, Status)
+    @statuses = cache_collection_paginated_by_id(
+      @statuses,
+      Status,
+      LIMIT,
+      params_slice(:max_id, :min_id, :since_id)
+    )
  end

  def page_requested?
--- a/app/controllers/api/v1/accounts/statuses_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/api/v1/accounts/statuses_controller.rb
@ -22,10 +22,6 @@ class Api::V1::Accounts::StatusesController < Api::BaseController
  end

  def cached_account_statuses
-    cache_collection account_statuses, Status
-  end
-
-  def account_statuses
    statuses = truthy_param?(:pinned) ? pinned_scope : permitted_account_statuses

    statuses.merge!(only_media_scope) if truthy_param?(:only_media)
@ -33,7 +29,12 @@ class Api::V1::Accounts::StatusesController < Api::BaseController
    statuses.merge!(no_reblogs_scope) if truthy_param?(:exclude_reblogs)
    statuses.merge!(hashtag_scope)    if params[:tagged].present?

-    statuses.paginate_by_id(limit_param(DEFAULT_STATUSES_LIMIT), params_slice(:max_id, :since_id, :min_id))
+    cache_collection_paginated_by_id(
+      statuses,
+      Status,
+      limit_param(DEFAULT_STATUSES_LIMIT),
+      params_slice(:max_id, :since_id, :min_id)
+    )
  end

  def permitted_account_statuses
@ -41,17 +42,7 @@ class Api::V1::Accounts::StatusesController < Api::BaseController
  end

  def only_media_scope
-    Status.where(id: account_media_status_ids)
-  end
-
-  def account_media_status_ids
-    # `SELECT DISTINCT id, updated_at` is too slow, so pluck ids at first, and then select id, updated_at with ids.
-    # Also, Avoid getting slow by not narrowing down by `statuses.account_id`.
-    # When narrowing down by `statuses.account_id`, `index_statuses_20180106` will be used
-    # and the table will be joined by `Merge Semi Join`, so the query will be slow.
-    @account.statuses.joins(:media_attachments).merge(@account.media_attachments).permitted_for(@account, current_account)
-            .paginate_by_max_id(limit_param(DEFAULT_STATUSES_LIMIT), params[:max_id], params[:since_id])
-            .reorder(id: :desc).distinct(:id).pluck(:id)
+    Status.joins(:media_attachments).merge(@account.media_attachments.reorder(nil)).group(:id)
  end

  def pinned_scope
--- a/app/controllers/api/v1/bookmarks_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/api/v1/bookmarks_controller.rb
@ -17,14 +17,11 @@ class Api::V1::BookmarksController < Api::BaseController
  end

  def cached_bookmarks
-    cache_collection(
-      Status.reorder(nil).joins(:bookmarks).merge(results),
-      Status
-    )
+    cache_collection(results.map(&:status), Status)
  end

  def results
-    @_results ||= account_bookmarks.paginate_by_id(
+    @_results ||= account_bookmarks.eager_load(:status).paginate_by_id(
      limit_param(DEFAULT_STATUSES_LIMIT),
      params_slice(:max_id, :since_id, :min_id)
    )
--- a/app/controllers/api/v1/favourites_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/api/v1/favourites_controller.rb
@ -17,14 +17,11 @@ class Api::V1::FavouritesController < Api::BaseController
  end

  def cached_favourites
-    cache_collection(
-      Status.reorder(nil).joins(:favourites).merge(results),
-      Status
-    )
+    cache_collection(results.map(&:status), Status)
  end

  def results
-    @_results ||= account_favourites.paginate_by_id(
+    @_results ||= account_favourites.eager_load(:status).paginate_by_id(
      limit_param(DEFAULT_STATUSES_LIMIT),
      params_slice(:max_id, :since_id, :min_id)
    )
--- a/app/controllers/api/v1/notifications_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/api/v1/notifications_controller.rb
@ -40,11 +40,9 @@ class Api::V1::NotificationsController < Api::BaseController
  private

  def load_notifications
-    cache_collection paginated_notifications, Notification
-  end
-
-  def paginated_notifications
-    browserable_account_notifications.paginate_by_id(
+    cache_collection_paginated_by_id(
+      browserable_account_notifications,
+      Notification,
      limit_param(DEFAULT_NOTIFICATIONS_LIMIT),
      params_slice(:max_id, :since_id, :min_id)
    )
--- a/app/controllers/api/v1/timelines/public_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/api/v1/timelines/public_controller.rb
@ -16,25 +16,25 @@ class Api::V1::Timelines::PublicController < Api::BaseController
  end

  def load_statuses
-    cached_public_statuses
+    cached_public_statuses_page
  end

-  def cached_public_statuses
-    cache_collection public_statuses, Status
-  end
-
-  def public_statuses
-    statuses = public_timeline_statuses.paginate_by_id(
+  def cached_public_statuses_page
+    cache_collection_paginated_by_id(
+      public_statuses,
+      Status,
      limit_param(DEFAULT_STATUSES_LIMIT),
      params_slice(:max_id, :since_id, :min_id)
    )
+  end
+
+  def public_statuses
+    statuses = public_timeline_statuses

    statuses = statuses.not_local_only unless truthy_param?(:local) || truthy_param?(:allow_local_only)

    if truthy_param?(:only_media)
-      # `SELECT DISTINCT id, updated_at` is too slow, so pluck ids at first, and then select id, updated_at with ids.
-      status_ids = statuses.joins(:media_attachments).distinct(:id).pluck(:id)
-      statuses.where(id: status_ids)
+      statuses.joins(:media_attachments).group(:id)
    else
      statuses
    end
--- a/app/controllers/api/v1/timelines/tag_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/api/v1/timelines/tag_controller.rb
@ -20,25 +20,18 @@ class Api::V1::Timelines::TagController < Api::BaseController
  end

  def cached_tagged_statuses
-    cache_collection tagged_statuses, Status
-  end
-
-  def tagged_statuses
    if @tag.nil?
      []
    else
-      statuses = tag_timeline_statuses.paginate_by_id(
+      statuses = tag_timeline_statuses
+      statuses = statuses.joins(:media_attachments) if truthy_param?(:only_media)
+
+      cache_collection_paginated_by_id(
+        statuses,
+        Status,
        limit_param(DEFAULT_STATUSES_LIMIT),
        params_slice(:max_id, :since_id, :min_id)
      )
-
-      if truthy_param?(:only_media)
-        # `SELECT DISTINCT id, updated_at` is too slow, so pluck ids at first, and then select id, updated_at with ids.
-        status_ids = statuses.joins(:media_attachments).distinct(:id).pluck(:id)
-        statuses.where(id: status_ids)
-      else
-        statuses
-      end
    end
  end

--- a/app/controllers/auth/sessions_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/auth/sessions_controller.rb
@ -39,6 +39,22 @@ class Auth::SessionsController < Devise::SessionsController
    store_location_for(:user, tmp_stored_location) if continue_after?
  end

+  def webauthn_options
+    user = find_user
+
+    if user.webauthn_enabled?
+      options_for_get = WebAuthn::Credential.options_for_get(
+        allow: user.webauthn_credentials.pluck(:external_id)
+      )
+
+      session[:webauthn_challenge] = options_for_get.challenge
+
+      render json: options_for_get, status: :ok
+    else
+      render json: { error: t('webauthn_credentials.not_enabled') }, status: :unauthorized
+    end
+  end
+
  protected

  def find_user
@ -53,7 +69,7 @@ class Auth::SessionsController < Devise::SessionsController
  end

  def user_params
-    params.require(:user).permit(:email, :password, :otp_attempt, :sign_in_token_attempt)
+    params.require(:user).permit(:email, :password, :otp_attempt, :sign_in_token_attempt, credential: {})
  end

  def after_sign_in_path_for(resource)
--- a/app/controllers/concerns/cache_concern.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/concerns/cache_concern.rb
@ -47,4 +47,8 @@ module CacheConcern

    raw.map { |item| cached_keys_with_value[item.id] || uncached[item.id] }.compact
  end
+
+  def cache_collection_paginated_by_id(raw, klass, limit, options)
+    cache_collection raw.cache_ids.paginate_by_id(limit, options), klass
+  end
 end
--- a/app/controllers/concerns/signature_verification.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/concerns/signature_verification.rb
@ -7,6 +7,44 @@ module SignatureVerification

  include DomainControlHelper

+  EXPIRATION_WINDOW_LIMIT = 12.hours
+  CLOCK_SKEW_MARGIN       = 1.hour
+
+  class SignatureVerificationError < StandardError; end
+
+  class SignatureParamsParser < Parslet::Parser
+    rule(:token)         { match("[0-9a-zA-Z!#$%&'*+.^_`|~-]").repeat(1).as(:token) }
+    rule(:quoted_string) { str('"') >> (qdtext | quoted_pair).repeat.as(:quoted_string) >> str('"') }
+    # qdtext and quoted_pair are not exactly according to spec but meh
+    rule(:qdtext)        { match('[^\\\\"]') }
+    rule(:quoted_pair)   { str('\\') >> any }
+    rule(:bws)           { match('\s').repeat }
+    rule(:param)         { (token.as(:key) >> bws >> str('=') >> bws >> (token | quoted_string).as(:value)).as(:param) }
+    rule(:comma)         { bws >> str(',') >> bws }
+    # Old versions of node-http-signature add an incorrect "Signature " prefix to the header
+    rule(:buggy_prefix)  { str('Signature ') }
+    rule(:params)        { buggy_prefix.maybe >> (param >> (comma >> param).repeat).as(:params) }
+    root(:params)
+  end
+
+  class SignatureParamsTransformer < Parslet::Transform
+    rule(params: subtree(:p)) do
+      (p.is_a?(Array) ? p : [p]).each_with_object({}) { |(key, val), h| h[key] = val }
+    end
+
+    rule(param: { key: simple(:key), value: simple(:val) }) do
+      [key, val]
+    end
+
+    rule(quoted_string: simple(:string)) do
+      string.to_s
+    end
+
+    rule(token: simple(:string)) do
+      string.to_s
+    end
+  end
+
  def require_signature!
    render plain: signature_verification_failure_reason, status: signature_verification_failure_code unless signed_request_account
  end
@ -24,72 +62,40 @@ module SignatureVerification
  end

  def signature_key_id
-    raw_signature    = request.headers['Signature']
-    signature_params = {}
-
-    raw_signature.split(',').each do |part|
-      parsed_parts = part.match(/([a-z]+)="([^"]+)"/i)
-      next if parsed_parts.nil? || parsed_parts.size != 3
-      signature_params[parsed_parts[1]] = parsed_parts[2]
-    end
-
    signature_params['keyId']
+  rescue SignatureVerificationError
+    nil
  end

  def signed_request_account
    return @signed_request_account if defined?(@signed_request_account)

-    unless signed_request?
-      @signature_verification_failure_reason = 'Request not signed'
-      @signed_request_account = nil
-      return
-    end
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Request not signed' unless signed_request?
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Incompatible request signature. keyId and signature are required' if missing_required_signature_parameters?
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Unsupported signature algorithm (only rsa-sha256 and hs2019 are supported)' unless %w(rsa-sha256 hs2019).include?(signature_algorithm)
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Signed request date outside acceptable time window' unless matches_time_window?

-    if request.headers['Date'].present? && !matches_time_window?
-      @signature_verification_failure_reason = 'Signed request date outside acceptable time window'
-      @signed_request_account = nil
-      return
-    end
-
-    raw_signature    = request.headers['Signature']
-    signature_params = {}
-
-    raw_signature.split(',').each do |part|
-      parsed_parts = part.match(/([a-z]+)="([^"]+)"/i)
-      next if parsed_parts.nil? || parsed_parts.size != 3
-      signature_params[parsed_parts[1]] = parsed_parts[2]
-    end
-
-    if incompatible_signature?(signature_params)
-      @signature_verification_failure_reason = 'Incompatible request signature'
-      @signed_request_account = nil
-      return
-    end
+    verify_signature_strength!

    account = account_from_key_id(signature_params['keyId'])

-    if account.nil?
-      @signature_verification_failure_reason = "Public key not found for key #{signature_params['keyId']}"
-      @signed_request_account = nil
-      return
-    end
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, "Public key not found for key #{signature_params['keyId']}" if account.nil?

    signature             = Base64.decode64(signature_params['signature'])
-    compare_signed_string = build_signed_string(signature_params['headers'])
+    compare_signed_string = build_signed_string

    return account unless verify_signature(account, signature, compare_signed_string).nil?

    account = stoplight_wrap_request { account.possibly_stale? ? account.refresh! : account_refresh_key(account) }

-    if account.nil?
-      @signature_verification_failure_reason = "Public key not found for key #{signature_params['keyId']}"
-      @signed_request_account = nil
-      return
-    end
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, "Public key not found for key #{signature_params['keyId']}" if account.nil?

    return account unless verify_signature(account, signature, compare_signed_string).nil?

-    @signature_verification_failure_reason = "Verification failed for #{account.username}@#{account.domain} #{account.uri}"
+    @signature_verification_failure_reason = "Verification failed for #{account.username}@#{account.domain} #{account.uri} using rsa-sha256 (RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 with SHA-256)"
+    @signed_request_account = nil
+  rescue SignatureVerificationError => e
+    @signature_verification_failure_reason = e.message
    @signed_request_account = nil
  end

@ -99,6 +105,31 @@ module SignatureVerification

  private

+  def signature_params
+    @signature_params ||= begin
+      raw_signature = request.headers['Signature']
+      tree          = SignatureParamsParser.new.parse(raw_signature)
+      SignatureParamsTransformer.new.apply(tree)
+    end
+  rescue Parslet::ParseFailed
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Error parsing signature parameters'
+  end
+
+  def signature_algorithm
+    signature_params.fetch('algorithm', 'hs2019')
+  end
+
+  def signed_headers
+    signature_params.fetch('headers', signature_algorithm == 'hs2019' ? '(created)' : 'date').downcase.split(' ')
+  end
+
+  def verify_signature_strength!
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Mastodon requires the Date header or (created) pseudo-header to be signed' unless signed_headers.include?('date') || signed_headers.include?('(created)')
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Mastodon requires the Digest header or (request-target) pseudo-header to be signed' unless signed_headers.include?(Request::REQUEST_TARGET) || signed_headers.include?('digest')
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Mastodon requires the Host header to be signed' unless signed_headers.include?('host')
+    raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Mastodon requires the Digest header to be signed when doing a POST request' if request.post? && !signed_headers.include?('digest')
+  end
+
  def verify_signature(account, signature, compare_signed_string)
    if account.keypair.public_key.verify(OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new, signature, compare_signed_string)
      @signed_request_account = account
@ -108,12 +139,20 @@ module SignatureVerification
    nil
  end

-  def build_signed_string(signed_headers)
-    signed_headers = 'date' if signed_headers.blank?
-
-    signed_headers.downcase.split(' ').map do |signed_header|
+  def build_signed_string
+    signed_headers.map do |signed_header|
      if signed_header == Request::REQUEST_TARGET
        "#{Request::REQUEST_TARGET}: #{request.method.downcase} #{request.path}"
+      elsif signed_header == '(created)'
+        raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Invalid pseudo-header (created) for rsa-sha256' unless signature_algorithm == 'hs2019'
+        raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Pseudo-header (created) used but corresponding argument missing' if signature_params['created'].blank?
+
+        "(created): #{signature_params['created']}"
+      elsif signed_header == '(expires)'
+        raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Invalid pseudo-header (expires) for rsa-sha256' unless signature_algorithm == 'hs2019'
+        raise SignatureVerificationError, 'Pseudo-header (expires) used but corresponding argument missing' if signature_params['expires'].blank?
+
+        "(expires): #{signature_params['expires']}"
      elsif signed_header == 'digest'
        "digest: #{body_digest}"
      else
@ -123,13 +162,28 @@ module SignatureVerification
  end

  def matches_time_window?
+    created_time = nil
+    expires_time = nil
+
    begin
-      time_sent = Time.httpdate(request.headers['Date'])
+      if signature_algorithm == 'hs2019' && signature_params['created'].present?
+        created_time = Time.at(signature_params['created'].to_i).utc
+      elsif request.headers['Date'].present?
+        created_time = Time.httpdate(request.headers['Date']).utc
+      end
+
+      expires_time = Time.at(signature_params['expires'].to_i).utc if signature_params['expires'].present?
    rescue ArgumentError
      return false
    end

-    (Time.now.utc - time_sent).abs <= 12.hours
+    expires_time ||= created_time + 5.minutes unless created_time.nil?
+    expires_time = [expires_time, created_time + EXPIRATION_WINDOW_LIMIT].min unless created_time.nil?
+
+    return false if created_time.present? && created_time > Time.now.utc + CLOCK_SKEW_MARGIN
+    return false if expires_time.present? && Time.now.utc > expires_time + CLOCK_SKEW_MARGIN
+
+    true
  end

  def body_digest
@ -140,9 +194,8 @@ module SignatureVerification
    name.split(/-/).map(&:capitalize).join('-')
  end

-  def incompatible_signature?(signature_params)
-    signature_params['keyId'].blank? ||
-      signature_params['signature'].blank?
+  def missing_required_signature_parameters?
+    signature_params['keyId'].blank? || signature_params['signature'].blank?
  end

  def account_from_key_id(key_id)
--- a/app/controllers/concerns/two_factor_authentication_concern.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/concerns/two_factor_authentication_concern.rb
@ -8,7 +8,23 @@ module TwoFactorAuthenticationConcern
  end

  def two_factor_enabled?
-    find_user&.otp_required_for_login?
+    find_user&.two_factor_enabled?
+  end
+
+  def valid_webauthn_credential?(user, webauthn_credential)
+    user_credential = user.webauthn_credentials.find_by!(external_id: webauthn_credential.id)
+
+    begin
+      webauthn_credential.verify(
+        session[:webauthn_challenge],
+        public_key: user_credential.public_key,
+        sign_count: user_credential.sign_count
+      )
+
+      user_credential.update!(sign_count: webauthn_credential.sign_count)
+    rescue WebAuthn::Error
+      false
+    end
  end

  def valid_otp_attempt?(user)
@ -21,14 +37,29 @@ module TwoFactorAuthenticationConcern
  def authenticate_with_two_factor
    user = self.resource = find_user

-    if user_params[:otp_attempt].present? && session[:attempt_user_id]
-      authenticate_with_two_factor_attempt(user)
+    if user.webauthn_enabled? && user_params[:credential].present? && session[:attempt_user_id]
+      authenticate_with_two_factor_via_webauthn(user)
+    elsif user_params[:otp_attempt].present? && session[:attempt_user_id]
+      authenticate_with_two_factor_via_otp(user)
    elsif user.present? && user.external_or_valid_password?(user_params[:password])
      prompt_for_two_factor(user)
    end
  end

-  def authenticate_with_two_factor_attempt(user)
+  def authenticate_with_two_factor_via_webauthn(user)
+    webauthn_credential = WebAuthn::Credential.from_get(user_params[:credential])
+
+    if valid_webauthn_credential?(user, webauthn_credential)
+      session.delete(:attempt_user_id)
+      remember_me(user)
+      sign_in(user)
+      render json: { redirect_path: root_path }, status: :ok
+    else
+      render json: { error: t('webauthn_credentials.invalid_credential') }, status: :unprocessable_entity
+    end
+  end
+
+  def authenticate_with_two_factor_via_otp(user)
    if valid_otp_attempt?(user)
      session.delete(:attempt_user_id)
      remember_me(user)
@ -44,6 +75,12 @@ module TwoFactorAuthenticationConcern
      session[:attempt_user_id] = user.id
      use_pack 'auth'
      @body_classes = 'lighter'
+      @webauthn_enabled = user.webauthn_enabled?
+      @scheme_type = if user.webauthn_enabled? && user_params[:otp_attempt].blank?
+                       'webauthn'
+                     else
+                       'totp'
+                     end
      render :two_factor
    end
  end
--- a/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/confirmations_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/confirmations_controller.rb
@ -18,18 +18,21 @@ module Settings
      end

      def create
-        if current_user.validate_and_consume_otp!(confirmation_params[:otp_attempt])
+        if current_user.validate_and_consume_otp!(confirmation_params[:otp_attempt], otp_secret: session[:new_otp_secret])
          flash.now[:notice] = I18n.t('two_factor_authentication.enabled_success')

          current_user.otp_required_for_login = true
+          current_user.otp_secret = session[:new_otp_secret]
          @recovery_codes = current_user.generate_otp_backup_codes!
          current_user.save!

          UserMailer.two_factor_enabled(current_user).deliver_later!

+          session.delete(:new_otp_secret)
+
          render 'settings/two_factor_authentication/recovery_codes/index'
        else
-          flash.now[:alert] = I18n.t('two_factor_authentication.wrong_code')
+          flash.now[:alert] = I18n.t('otp_authentication.wrong_code')
          prepare_two_factor_form
          render :new
        end
@ -43,12 +46,15 @@ module Settings

      def prepare_two_factor_form
        @confirmation = Form::TwoFactorConfirmation.new
-        @provision_url = current_user.otp_provisioning_uri(current_user.email, issuer: Rails.configuration.x.local_domain)
+        @new_otp_secret = session[:new_otp_secret]
+        @provision_url = current_user.otp_provisioning_uri(current_user.email,
+                                                           otp_secret: @new_otp_secret,
+                                                           issuer: Rails.configuration.x.local_domain)
        @qrcode = RQRCode::QRCode.new(@provision_url)
      end

      def ensure_otp_secret
-        redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_path unless current_user.otp_secret
+        redirect_to settings_otp_authentication_path if session[:new_otp_secret].blank?
      end
    end
  end
--- a/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/otp_authentication_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/otp_authentication_controller.rb
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Settings
+  module TwoFactorAuthentication
+    class OtpAuthenticationController < BaseController
+      include ChallengableConcern
+
+      layout 'admin'
+
+      before_action :authenticate_user!
+      before_action :verify_otp_not_enabled, only: [:show]
+      before_action :require_challenge!, only: [:create]
+
+      skip_before_action :require_functional!
+
+      def show
+        @confirmation = Form::TwoFactorConfirmation.new
+      end
+
+      def create
+        session[:new_otp_secret] = User.generate_otp_secret(32)
+
+        redirect_to new_settings_two_factor_authentication_confirmation_path
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def confirmation_params
+        params.require(:form_two_factor_confirmation).permit(:otp_attempt)
+      end
+
+      def verify_otp_not_enabled
+        redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path if current_user.otp_enabled?
+      end
+
+      def acceptable_code?
+        current_user.validate_and_consume_otp!(confirmation_params[:otp_attempt]) ||
+          current_user.invalidate_otp_backup_code!(confirmation_params[:otp_attempt])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
--- a/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials_controller.rb
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Settings
+  module TwoFactorAuthentication
+    class WebauthnCredentialsController < BaseController
+      layout 'admin'
+
+      before_action :authenticate_user!
+      before_action :require_otp_enabled
+      before_action :require_webauthn_enabled, only: [:index, :destroy]
+
+      def new; end
+
+      def index; end
+
+      def options
+        current_user.update(webauthn_id: WebAuthn.generate_user_id) unless current_user.webauthn_id
+
+        options_for_create = WebAuthn::Credential.options_for_create(
+          user: {
+            name: current_user.account.username,
+            display_name: current_user.account.username,
+            id: current_user.webauthn_id,
+          },
+          exclude: current_user.webauthn_credentials.pluck(:external_id)
+        )
+
+        session[:webauthn_challenge] = options_for_create.challenge
+
+        render json: options_for_create, status: :ok
+      end
+
+      def create
+        webauthn_credential = WebAuthn::Credential.from_create(params[:credential])
+
+        if webauthn_credential.verify(session[:webauthn_challenge])
+          user_credential = current_user.webauthn_credentials.build(
+            external_id: webauthn_credential.id,
+            public_key: webauthn_credential.public_key,
+            nickname: params[:nickname],
+            sign_count: webauthn_credential.sign_count
+          )
+
+          if user_credential.save
+            flash[:success] = I18n.t('webauthn_credentials.create.success')
+            status = :ok
+
+            if current_user.webauthn_credentials.size == 1
+              UserMailer.webauthn_enabled(current_user).deliver_later!
+            else
+              UserMailer.webauthn_credential_added(current_user, user_credential).deliver_later!
+            end
+          else
+            flash[:error] = I18n.t('webauthn_credentials.create.error')
+            status = :internal_server_error
+          end
+        else
+          flash[:error] = t('webauthn_credentials.create.error')
+          status = :unauthorized
+        end
+
+        render json: { redirect_path: settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path }, status: status
+      end
+
+      def destroy
+        credential = current_user.webauthn_credentials.find_by(id: params[:id])
+        if credential
+          credential.destroy
+          if credential.destroyed?
+            flash[:success] = I18n.t('webauthn_credentials.destroy.success')
+
+            if current_user.webauthn_credentials.empty?
+              UserMailer.webauthn_disabled(current_user).deliver_later!
+            else
+              UserMailer.webauthn_credential_deleted(current_user, credential).deliver_later!
+            end
+          else
+            flash[:error] = I18n.t('webauthn_credentials.destroy.error')
+          end
+        else
+          flash[:error] = I18n.t('webauthn_credentials.destroy.error')
+        end
+        redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def require_otp_enabled
+        unless current_user.otp_enabled?
+          flash[:error] = t('webauthn_credentials.otp_required')
+          redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+        end
+      end
+
+      def require_webauthn_enabled
+        unless current_user.webauthn_enabled?
+          flash[:error] = t('webauthn_credentials.not_enabled')
+          redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
--- a/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication_methods_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication_methods_controller.rb
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Settings
+  class TwoFactorAuthenticationMethodsController < BaseController
+    include ChallengableConcern
+
+    layout 'admin'
+
+    before_action :authenticate_user!
+    before_action :require_challenge!, only: :disable
+    before_action :require_otp_enabled
+
+    skip_before_action :require_functional!
+
+    def index; end
+
+    def disable
+      current_user.disable_two_factor!
+      UserMailer.two_factor_disabled(current_user).deliver_later!
+
+      redirect_to settings_otp_authentication_path, flash: { notice: I18n.t('two_factor_authentication.disabled_success') }
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def require_otp_enabled
+      redirect_to settings_otp_authentication_path unless current_user.otp_enabled?
+    end
+  end
+end
--- a/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentications_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentications_controller.rb
@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Settings
-  class TwoFactorAuthenticationsController < BaseController
-    include ChallengableConcern
-
-    layout 'admin'
-
-    before_action :authenticate_user!
-    before_action :verify_otp_required, only: [:create]
-    before_action :require_challenge!, only: [:create]
-
-    skip_before_action :require_functional!
-
-    def show
-      @confirmation = Form::TwoFactorConfirmation.new
-    end
-
-    def create
-      current_user.otp_secret = User.generate_otp_secret(32)
-      current_user.save!
-      redirect_to new_settings_two_factor_authentication_confirmation_path
-    end
-
-    def destroy
-      if acceptable_code?
-        current_user.otp_required_for_login = false
-        current_user.save!
-        UserMailer.two_factor_disabled(current_user).deliver_later!
-        redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_path
-      else
-        flash.now[:alert] = I18n.t('two_factor_authentication.wrong_code')
-        @confirmation = Form::TwoFactorConfirmation.new
-        render :show
-      end
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def confirmation_params
-      params.require(:form_two_factor_confirmation).permit(:otp_attempt)
-    end
-
-    def verify_otp_required
-      redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_path if current_user.otp_required_for_login?
-    end
-
-    def acceptable_code?
-      current_user.validate_and_consume_otp!(confirmation_params[:otp_attempt]) ||
-        current_user.invalidate_otp_backup_code!(confirmation_params[:otp_attempt])
-    end
-  end
-end
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/components/dropdown_menu.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/components/dropdown_menu.js
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ export default class Dropdown extends React.PureComponent {

  handleClose = () => {
    if (this.activeElement) {
-      this.activeElement.focus();
+      this.activeElement.focus({ preventScroll: true });
      this.activeElement = null;
    }
    this.props.onClose(this.state.id);
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/components/gifv.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/components/gifv.js
@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ export default class GIFV extends React.PureComponent {

        <video
          src={src}
-          width={width}
-          height={height}
          role='button'
          tabIndex='0'
          aria-label={alt}
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/components/status_action_bar.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/components/status_action_bar.js
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import DropdownMenuContainer from '../containers/dropdown_menu_container';
 import { defineMessages, injectIntl } from 'react-intl';
 import ImmutablePureComponent from 'react-immutable-pure-component';
 import { me, isStaff } from '../initial_state';
+import classNames from 'classnames';

 const messages = defineMessages({
  delete: { id: 'status.delete', defaultMessage: 'Delete' },
@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ const messages = defineMessages({
  more: { id: 'status.more', defaultMessage: 'More' },
  replyAll: { id: 'status.replyAll', defaultMessage: 'Reply to thread' },
  reblog: { id: 'status.reblog', defaultMessage: 'Boost' },
-  reblog_private: { id: 'status.reblog_private', defaultMessage: 'Boost to original audience' },
+  reblog_private: { id: 'status.reblog_private', defaultMessage: 'Boost with original visibility' },
  cancel_reblog_private: { id: 'status.cancel_reblog_private', defaultMessage: 'Unboost' },
  cannot_reblog: { id: 'status.cannot_reblog', defaultMessage: 'This post cannot be boosted' },
  favourite: { id: 'status.favourite', defaultMessage: 'Favourite' },
@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ class StatusActionBar extends ImmutablePureComponent {
    return (
      <div className='status__action-bar'>
        <div className='status__action-bar__counter'><IconButton className='status__action-bar-button' title={replyTitle} icon={status.get('in_reply_to_account_id') === status.getIn(['account', 'id']) ? 'reply' : replyIcon} onClick={this.handleReplyClick} /><span className='status__action-bar__counter__label' >{obfuscatedCount(status.get('replies_count'))}</span></div>
-        <IconButton className='status__action-bar-button' disabled={!publicStatus && !reblogPrivate} active={status.get('reblogged')} pressed={status.get('reblogged')} title={reblogTitle} icon='retweet' onClick={this.handleReblogClick} />
+        <IconButton className={classNames('status__action-bar-button', { reblogPrivate })} disabled={!publicStatus && !reblogPrivate}  active={status.get('reblogged')} pressed={status.get('reblogged')} title={reblogTitle} icon='retweet' onClick={this.handleReblogClick} />
        <IconButton className='status__action-bar-button star-icon' animate active={status.get('favourited')} pressed={status.get('favourited')} title={intl.formatMessage(messages.favourite)} icon='star' onClick={this.handleFavouriteClick} />
        {shareButton}

--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/features/compose/components/privacy_dropdown.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/features/compose/components/privacy_dropdown.js
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class PrivacyDropdown extends React.PureComponent {
    } else {
      const { top } = target.getBoundingClientRect();
      if (this.state.open && this.activeElement) {
-        this.activeElement.focus();
+        this.activeElement.focus({ preventScroll: true });
      }
      this.setState({ placement: top * 2 < innerHeight ? 'bottom' : 'top' });
      this.setState({ open: !this.state.open });
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ class PrivacyDropdown extends React.PureComponent {

  handleClose = () => {
    if (this.state.open && this.activeElement) {
-      this.activeElement.focus();
+      this.activeElement.focus({ preventScroll: true });
    }
    this.setState({ open: false });
  }
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/features/status/components/action_bar.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/features/status/components/action_bar.js
@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import ImmutablePropTypes from 'react-immutable-proptypes';
 import DropdownMenuContainer from '../../../containers/dropdown_menu_container';
 import { defineMessages, injectIntl } from 'react-intl';
 import { me, isStaff } from '../../../initial_state';
+import classNames from 'classnames';

 const messages = defineMessages({
  delete: { id: 'status.delete', defaultMessage: 'Delete' },
@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ const messages = defineMessages({
  mention: { id: 'status.mention', defaultMessage: 'Mention @{name}' },
  reply: { id: 'status.reply', defaultMessage: 'Reply' },
  reblog: { id: 'status.reblog', defaultMessage: 'Boost' },
-  reblog_private: { id: 'status.reblog_private', defaultMessage: 'Boost to original audience' },
+  reblog_private: { id: 'status.reblog_private', defaultMessage: 'Boost with original visibility' },
  cancel_reblog_private: { id: 'status.cancel_reblog_private', defaultMessage: 'Unboost' },
  cannot_reblog: { id: 'status.cannot_reblog', defaultMessage: 'This post cannot be boosted' },
  favourite: { id: 'status.favourite', defaultMessage: 'Favourite' },
@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ class ActionBar extends React.PureComponent {
    return (
      <div className='detailed-status__action-bar'>
        <div className='detailed-status__button'><IconButton title={intl.formatMessage(messages.reply)} icon={status.get('in_reply_to_account_id') === status.getIn(['account', 'id']) ? 'reply' : replyIcon} onClick={this.handleReplyClick} /></div>
-        <div className='detailed-status__button'><IconButton disabled={!publicStatus && !reblogPrivate} active={status.get('reblogged')} title={reblogTitle} icon='retweet' onClick={this.handleReblogClick} /></div>
+        <div className='detailed-status__button' ><IconButton className={classNames({ reblogPrivate })} disabled={!publicStatus && !reblogPrivate} active={status.get('reblogged')} title={reblogTitle} icon='retweet' onClick={this.handleReblogClick} /></div>
        <div className='detailed-status__button'><IconButton className='star-icon' animate active={status.get('favourited')} title={intl.formatMessage(messages.favourite)} icon='star' onClick={this.handleFavouriteClick} /></div>
        {shareButton}
        <div className='detailed-status__button'><IconButton className='bookmark-icon' active={status.get('bookmarked')} title={intl.formatMessage(messages.bookmark)} icon='bookmark' onClick={this.handleBookmarkClick} /></div>
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/bg.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/bg.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Споделяне",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} сподели",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/br.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/br.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Toud spilhennet",
  "status.read_more": "Lenn muioc'h",
  "status.reblog": "Skignañ",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/defaultMessages.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/defaultMessages.json
@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
        "id": "status.reblog"
      },
      {
-        "defaultMessage": "Boost to original audience",
+        "defaultMessage": "Boost with original visibility",
        "id": "status.reblog_private"
      },
      {
@ -2421,7 +2421,7 @@
        "id": "status.reblog"
      },
      {
-        "defaultMessage": "Boost to original audience",
+        "defaultMessage": "Boost with original visibility",
        "id": "status.reblog_private"
      },
      {
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/en.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/en.json
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ga.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ga.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/he.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/he.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "הדהוד",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "הודהד על ידי {name}",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/hi.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/hi.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "बूस्ट",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/hr.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/hr.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Podigni",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} je podigao",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/io.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/io.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Repetar",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} repetita",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/kab.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/kab.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Tijewwiqin yettwasentḍen",
  "status.read_more": "Issin ugar",
  "status.reblog": "Bḍu",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "Yebḍa-tt {name}",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "Ula yiwen ur yebḍi tajewwiqt-agi ar tura. Ticki yebḍa-tt yiwen, ad d-iban da.",
  "status.redraft": "Kkes tɛiwdeḍ tira",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/kn.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/kn.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ku.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ku.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/lt.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/lt.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/lv.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/lv.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/mk.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/mk.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ml.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ml.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/mr.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/mr.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ms.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ms.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/sr-Latn.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/sr-Latn.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Podrži",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} podržao(la)",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/szl.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/szl.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/tai.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/tai.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ug.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ug.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ur.json
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/locales/ur.json
@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
  "status.pinned": "Pinned toot",
  "status.read_more": "Read more",
  "status.reblog": "Boost",
-  "status.reblog_private": "Boost to original audience",
+  "status.reblog_private": "Boost with original visibility",
  "status.reblogged_by": "{name} boosted",
  "status.reblogs.empty": "No one has boosted this toot yet. When someone does, they will show up here.",
  "status.redraft": "Delete & re-draft",
--- a/app/javascript/mastodon/stream.js
+++ b/app/javascript/mastodon/stream.js
@ -112,11 +112,10 @@ const sharedCallbacks = {
  },

  disconnected () {
-    subscriptions.forEach(({ onDisconnect }) => onDisconnect());
+    subscriptions.forEach(subscription => unsubscribe(subscription));
  },

  reconnected () {
-    subscriptions.forEach(subscription => subscribe(subscription));
  },
 };

@ -252,15 +251,8 @@ const createConnection = (streamingAPIBaseURL, accessToken, channelName, { conne

  const es = new EventSource(`${streamingAPIBaseURL}/api/v1/streaming/${channelName}?${params.join('&')}`);

-  let firstConnect = true;
-
  es.onopen = () => {
-    if (firstConnect) {
-      firstConnect = false;
-      connected();
-    } else {
-      reconnected();
-    }
+    connected();
  };

  KNOWN_EVENT_TYPES.forEach(type => {
--- a/app/javascript/packs/two_factor_authentication.js
+++ b/app/javascript/packs/two_factor_authentication.js
@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import axios from 'axios';
+import * as WebAuthnJSON from '@github/webauthn-json';
+import ready from '../mastodon/ready';
+import 'regenerator-runtime/runtime';
+
+function getCSRFToken() {
+  var CSRFSelector = document.querySelector('meta[name="csrf-token"]');
+  if (CSRFSelector) {
+    return CSRFSelector.getAttribute('content');
+  } else {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function hideFlashMessages() {
+  Array.from(document.getElementsByClassName('flash-message')).forEach(function(flashMessage) {
+    flashMessage.classList.add('hidden');
+  });
+}
+
+function callback(url, body) {
+  axios.post(url, JSON.stringify(body), {
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      'Accept': 'application/json',
+      'X-CSRF-Token': getCSRFToken(),
+    },
+    credentials: 'same-origin',
+  }).then(function(response) {
+    window.location.replace(response.data.redirect_path);
+  }).catch(function(error) {
+    if (error.response.status === 422) {
+      const errorMessage = document.getElementById('security-key-error-message');
+      errorMessage.classList.remove('hidden');
+      console.error(error.response.data.error);
+    } else {
+      console.error(error);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+ready(() => {
+  if (!WebAuthnJSON.supported()) {
+    const unsupported_browser_message = document.getElementById('unsupported-browser-message');
+    if (unsupported_browser_message) {
+      unsupported_browser_message.classList.remove('hidden');
+      document.querySelector('.btn.js-webauthn').disabled = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  const webAuthnCredentialRegistrationForm = document.getElementById('new_webauthn_credential');
+  if (webAuthnCredentialRegistrationForm) {
+    webAuthnCredentialRegistrationForm.addEventListener('submit', (event) => {
+      event.preventDefault();
+
+      var nickname = event.target.querySelector('input[name="new_webauthn_credential[nickname]"]');
+      if (nickname.value) {
+        axios.get('/settings/security_keys/options')
+          .then((response) => {
+            const credentialOptions = response.data;
+
+            WebAuthnJSON.create({ 'publicKey': credentialOptions }).then((credential) => {
+              var params = { 'credential': credential, 'nickname': nickname.value };
+              callback('/settings/security_keys', params);
+            }).catch((error) => {
+              const errorMessage = document.getElementById('security-key-error-message');
+              errorMessage.classList.remove('hidden');
+              console.error(error);
+            });
+          }).catch((error) => {
+            console.error(error.response.data.error);
+          });
+      } else {
+        nickname.focus();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  const webAuthnCredentialAuthenticationForm = document.getElementById('webauthn-form');
+  if (webAuthnCredentialAuthenticationForm) {
+    webAuthnCredentialAuthenticationForm.addEventListener('submit', (event) => {
+      event.preventDefault();
+
+      axios.get('sessions/security_key_options')
+        .then((response) => {
+          const credentialOptions = response.data;
+
+          WebAuthnJSON.get({ 'publicKey': credentialOptions }).then((credential) => {
+            var params = { 'user': { 'credential': credential } };
+            callback('sign_in', params);
+          }).catch((error) => {
+            const errorMessage = document.getElementById('security-key-error-message');
+            errorMessage.classList.remove('hidden');
+            console.error(error);
+          });
+        }).catch((error) => {
+          console.error(error.response.data.error);
+        });
+    });
+
+    const otpAuthenticationForm = document.getElementById('otp-authentication-form');
+
+    const linkToOtp = document.getElementById('link-to-otp');
+    linkToOtp.addEventListener('click', () => {
+      webAuthnCredentialAuthenticationForm.classList.add('hidden');
+      otpAuthenticationForm.classList.remove('hidden');
+      hideFlashMessages();
+    });
+
+    const linkToWebAuthn = document.getElementById('link-to-webauthn');
+    linkToWebAuthn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+      otpAuthenticationForm.classList.add('hidden');
+      webAuthnCredentialAuthenticationForm.classList.remove('hidden');
+      hideFlashMessages();
+    });
+  }
+});
--- a/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/boost.scss
+++ b/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/boost.scss
--- a/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/forms.scss
+++ b/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/forms.scss
@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ code {
 }

 .simple_form {
+  &.hidden {
+    display: none;
+  }
+
  .input {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    overflow: hidden;
@ -100,6 +104,14 @@ code {
    }
  }

+  .title {
+    color: #d9e1e8;
+    font-size: 20px;
+    line-height: 28px;
+    font-weight: 400;
+    margin-bottom: 30px;
+  }
+
  .hint {
    color: $darker-text-color;

@ -142,7 +154,7 @@ code {
    }
  }

-  .otp-hint {
+  .authentication-hint {
    margin-bottom: 25px;
  }

@ -592,6 +604,10 @@ code {
    color: $error-value-color;
  }

+  &.hidden {
+    display: none;
+  }
+
  a {
    display: inline-block;
    color: $darker-text-color;
--- a/app/lib/activitypub/activity.rb
+++ b/app/lib/activitypub/activity.rb
@ -71,7 +71,15 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity
  end

  def object_uri
-    @object_uri ||= value_or_id(@object)
+    @object_uri ||= begin
+      str = value_or_id(@object)
+
+      if str.start_with?('bear:')
+        Addressable::URI.parse(str).query_values['u']
+      else
+        str
+      end
+    end
  end

  def unsupported_object_type?
@ -159,20 +167,20 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity

  def dereference_object!
    return unless @object.is_a?(String)
-    return if invalid_origin?(@object)

-    object = fetch_resource(@object, true, signed_fetch_account)
-    return unless object.present? && object.is_a?(Hash) && supported_context?(object)
+    dereferencer = ActivityPub::Dereferencer.new(@object, permitted_origin: @account.uri, signature_account: signed_fetch_account)

-    @object = object
+    @object = dereferencer.object unless dereferencer.object.nil?
  end

  def signed_fetch_account
+    return Account.find(@options[:delivered_to_account_id]) if @options[:delivered_to_account_id].present?
+
    first_mentioned_local_account || first_local_follower
  end

  def first_mentioned_local_account
-    audience = (as_array(@json['to']) + as_array(@json['cc'])).uniq
+    audience = (as_array(@json['to']) + as_array(@json['cc'])).map { |x| value_or_id(x) }.uniq
    local_usernames = audience.select { |uri| ActivityPub::TagManager.instance.local_uri?(uri) }
                              .map { |uri| ActivityPub::TagManager.instance.uri_to_local_id(uri, :username) }

--- a/app/lib/activitypub/activity/announce.rb
+++ b/app/lib/activitypub/activity/announce.rb
@ -34,12 +34,20 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Announce < ActivityPub::Activity

  private

+  def audience_to
+    as_array(@json['to']).map { |x| value_or_id(x) }
+  end
+
+  def audience_cc
+    as_array(@json['cc']).map { |x| value_or_id(x) }
+  end
+
  def visibility_from_audience
-    if equals_or_includes?(@json['to'], ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public])
+    if audience_to.include?(ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public])
      :public
-    elsif equals_or_includes?(@json['cc'], ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public])
+    elsif audience_cc.include?(ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public])
      :unlisted
-    elsif equals_or_includes?(@json['to'], @account.followers_url)
+    elsif audience_to.include?(@account.followers_url)
      :private
    else
      :direct
--- a/app/lib/activitypub/activity/create.rb
+++ b/app/lib/activitypub/activity/create.rb
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  private

  def create_encrypted_message
-    return reject_payload! if invalid_origin?(@object['id']) || @options[:delivered_to_account_id].blank?
+    return reject_payload! if invalid_origin?(object_uri) || @options[:delivered_to_account_id].blank?

    target_account = Account.find(@options[:delivered_to_account_id])
    target_device  = target_account.devices.find_by(device_id: @object.dig('to', 'deviceId'))
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  end

  def create_status
-    return reject_payload! if unsupported_object_type? || invalid_origin?(@object['id']) || Tombstone.exists?(uri: @object['id']) || !related_to_local_activity?
+    return reject_payload! if unsupported_object_type? || invalid_origin?(object_uri) || tombstone_exists? || !related_to_local_activity?

    RedisLock.acquire(lock_options) do |lock|
      if lock.acquired?
@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  end

  def audience_to
-    @object['to'] || @json['to']
+    as_array(@object['to'] || @json['to']).map { |x| value_or_id(x) }
  end

  def audience_cc
-    @object['cc'] || @json['cc']
+    as_array(@object['cc'] || @json['cc']).map { |x| value_or_id(x) }
  end

  def process_status
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
    fetch_replies(@status)
    check_for_spam
    distribute(@status)
-    forward_for_reply if @status.distributable?
+    forward_for_reply
  end

  def find_existing_status
@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  def process_status_params
    @params = begin
      {
-        uri: @object['id'],
-        url: object_url || @object['id'],
+        uri: object_uri,
+        url: object_url || object_uri,
        account: @account,
        text: text_from_content || '',
        language: detected_language,
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  end

  def process_audience
-    (as_array(audience_to) + as_array(audience_cc)).uniq.each do |audience|
+    (audience_to + audience_cc).uniq.each do |audience|
      next if audience == ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public]

      # Unlike with tags, there is no point in resolving accounts we don't already
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
    RedisLock.acquire(poll_lock_options) do |lock|
      if lock.acquired?
        already_voted = poll.votes.where(account: @account).exists?
-        poll.votes.create!(account: @account, choice: poll.options.index(@object['name']), uri: @object['id'])
+        poll.votes.create!(account: @account, choice: poll.options.index(@object['name']), uri: object_uri)
      else
        raise Mastodon::RaceConditionError
      end
@ -352,11 +352,11 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  end

  def visibility_from_audience
-    if equals_or_includes?(audience_to, ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public])
+    if audience_to.include?(ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public])
      :public
-    elsif equals_or_includes?(audience_cc, ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public])
+    elsif audience_cc.include?(ActivityPub::TagManager::COLLECTIONS[:public])
      :unlisted
-    elsif equals_or_includes?(audience_to, @account.followers_url)
+    elsif audience_to.include?(@account.followers_url)
      :private
    elsif direct_message == false
      :limited
@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity

  def audience_includes?(account)
    uri = ActivityPub::TagManager.instance.uri_for(account)
-    equals_or_includes?(audience_to, uri) || equals_or_includes?(audience_cc, uri)
+    audience_to.include?(uri) || audience_cc.include?(uri)
  end

  def direct_message
@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  end

  def text_from_content
-    return Formatter.instance.linkify([[text_from_name, text_from_summary.presence].compact.join("\n\n"), object_url || @object['id']].join(' ')) if converted_object_type?
+    return Formatter.instance.linkify([[text_from_name, text_from_summary.presence].compact.join("\n\n"), object_url || object_uri].join(' ')) if converted_object_type?

    if @object['content'].present?
      @object['content']
@ -483,19 +483,23 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  def addresses_local_accounts?
    return true if @options[:delivered_to_account_id]

-    local_usernames = (as_array(audience_to) + as_array(audience_cc)).uniq.select { |uri| ActivityPub::TagManager.instance.local_uri?(uri) }.map { |uri| ActivityPub::TagManager.instance.uri_to_local_id(uri, :username) }
+    local_usernames = (audience_to + audience_cc).uniq.select { |uri| ActivityPub::TagManager.instance.local_uri?(uri) }.map { |uri| ActivityPub::TagManager.instance.uri_to_local_id(uri, :username) }

    return false if local_usernames.empty?

    Account.local.where(username: local_usernames).exists?
  end

+  def tombstone_exists?
+    Tombstone.exists?(uri: object_uri)
+  end
+
  def check_for_spam
    SpamCheck.perform(@status)
  end

  def forward_for_reply
-    return unless @json['signature'].present? && reply_to_local?
+    return unless @status.distributable? && @json['signature'].present? && reply_to_local?

    ActivityPub::RawDistributionWorker.perform_async(Oj.dump(@json), replied_to_status.account_id, [@account.preferred_inbox_url])
  end
@ -513,7 +517,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
  end

  def lock_options
-    { redis: Redis.current, key: "create:#{@object['id']}" }
+    { redis: Redis.current, key: "create:#{object_uri}" }
  end

  def poll_lock_options
--- a/app/lib/activitypub/dereferencer.rb
+++ b/app/lib/activitypub/dereferencer.rb
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class ActivityPub::Dereferencer
+  include JsonLdHelper
+
+  def initialize(uri, permitted_origin: nil, signature_account: nil)
+    @uri               = uri
+    @permitted_origin  = permitted_origin
+    @signature_account = signature_account
+  end
+
+  def object
+    @object ||= fetch_object!
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def bear_cap?
+    @uri.start_with?('bear:')
+  end
+
+  def fetch_object!
+    if bear_cap?
+      fetch_with_token!
+    else
+      fetch_with_signature!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def fetch_with_token!
+    perform_request(bear_cap['u'], headers: { 'Authorization' => "Bearer #{bear_cap['t']}" })
+  end
+
+  def fetch_with_signature!
+    perform_request(@uri)
+  end
+
+  def bear_cap
+    @bear_cap ||= Addressable::URI.parse(@uri).query_values
+  end
+
+  def perform_request(uri, headers: nil)
+    return if invalid_origin?(uri)
+
+    req = Request.new(:get, uri)
+
+    req.add_headers('Accept' => 'application/activity+json, application/ld+json')
+    req.add_headers(headers) if headers
+    req.on_behalf_of(@signature_account) if @signature_account
+
+    req.perform do |res|
+      if res.code == 200
+        json = body_to_json(res.body_with_limit)
+        json if json.present? && json['id'] == uri
+      else
+        raise Mastodon::UnexpectedResponseError, res unless response_successful?(res) || response_error_unsalvageable?(res)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def invalid_origin?(uri)
+    return true if unsupported_uri_scheme?(uri)
+
+    needle   = Addressable::URI.parse(uri).host
+    haystack = Addressable::URI.parse(@permitted_origin).host
+
+    !haystack.casecmp(needle).zero?
+  end
+end
--- a/app/mailers/user_mailer.rb
+++ b/app/mailers/user_mailer.rb
@ -91,6 +91,52 @@ class UserMailer < Devise::Mailer
    end
  end

+  def webauthn_enabled(user, **)
+    @resource = user
+    @instance = Rails.configuration.x.local_domain
+
+    return if @resource.disabled?
+
+    I18n.with_locale(@resource.locale || I18n.default_locale) do
+      mail to: @resource.email, subject: I18n.t('devise.mailer.webauthn_enabled.subject')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def webauthn_disabled(user, **)
+    @resource = user
+    @instance = Rails.configuration.x.local_domain
+
+    return if @resource.disabled?
+
+    I18n.with_locale(@resource.locale || I18n.default_locale) do
+      mail to: @resource.email, subject: I18n.t('devise.mailer.webauthn_disabled.subject')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def webauthn_credential_added(user, webauthn_credential)
+    @resource = user
+    @instance = Rails.configuration.x.local_domain
+    @webauthn_credential = webauthn_credential
+
+    return if @resource.disabled?
+
+    I18n.with_locale(@resource.locale || I18n.default_locale) do
+      mail to: @resource.email, subject: I18n.t('devise.mailer.webauthn_credential.added.subject')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def webauthn_credential_deleted(user, webauthn_credential)
+    @resource = user
+    @instance = Rails.configuration.x.local_domain
+    @webauthn_credential = webauthn_credential
+
+    return if @resource.disabled?
+
+    I18n.with_locale(@resource.locale || I18n.default_locale) do
+      mail to: @resource.email, subject: I18n.t('devise.mailer.webauthn_credential.deleted.subject')
+    end
+  end
+
  def welcome(user)
    @resource = user
    @instance = Rails.configuration.x.local_domain
--- a/app/models/media_attachment.rb
+++ b/app/models/media_attachment.rb
@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class MediaAttachment < ApplicationRecord

    raise Mastodon::StreamValidationError, 'Video has no video stream' if movie.width.nil? || movie.frame_rate.nil?
    raise Mastodon::DimensionsValidationError, "#{movie.width}x#{movie.height} videos are not supported" if movie.width * movie.height > MAX_VIDEO_MATRIX_LIMIT
-    raise Mastodon::DimensionsValidationError, "#{movie.frame_rate.to_i}fps videos are not supported" if movie.frame_rate > MAX_VIDEO_FRAME_RATE
+    raise Mastodon::DimensionsValidationError, "#{movie.frame_rate.floor}fps videos are not supported" if movie.frame_rate.floor > MAX_VIDEO_FRAME_RATE
  end

  def set_meta
--- a/app/models/user.rb
+++ b/app/models/user.rb
@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #  approved                  :boolean          default(TRUE), not null
 #  sign_in_token             :string
 #  sign_in_token_sent_at     :datetime
+#  webauthn_id               :string
 #

 class User < ApplicationRecord
@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :backups, inverse_of: :user
  has_many :invites, inverse_of: :user
  has_many :markers, inverse_of: :user, dependent: :destroy
+  has_many :webauthn_credentials, dependent: :destroy

  has_one :invite_request, class_name: 'UserInviteRequest', inverse_of: :user, dependent: :destroy
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :invite_request, reject_if: ->(attributes) { attributes['text'].blank? }
@ -198,9 +200,25 @@ class User < ApplicationRecord
    prepare_returning_user!
  end

+  def otp_enabled?
+    otp_required_for_login
+  end
+
+  def webauthn_enabled?
+    webauthn_credentials.any?
+  end
+
+  def two_factor_enabled?
+    otp_required_for_login? || webauthn_credentials.any?
+  end
+
  def disable_two_factor!
    self.otp_required_for_login = false
+    self.otp_secret = nil
    otp_backup_codes&.clear
+
+    webauthn_credentials.destroy_all if webauthn_enabled?
+
    save!
  end

--- a/app/models/webauthn_credential.rb
+++ b/app/models/webauthn_credential.rb
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# == Schema Information
+#
+# Table name: webauthn_credentials
+#
+#  id          :bigint(8)        not null, primary key
+#  external_id :string           not null
+#  public_key  :string           not null
+#  nickname    :string           not null
+#  sign_count  :bigint(8)        default(0), not null
+#  user_id     :bigint(8)
+#  created_at  :datetime         not null
+#  updated_at  :datetime         not null
+#
+
+class WebauthnCredential < ApplicationRecord
+  validates :external_id, :public_key, :nickname, :sign_count, presence: true
+  validates :external_id, uniqueness: true
+  validates :nickname, uniqueness: { scope: :user_id }
+  validates :sign_count,
+            numericality: { only_integer: true, greater_than_or_equal_to: 0, less_than_or_equal_to: 2**32 - 1 }
+end
--- a/app/services/fan_out_on_write_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/fan_out_on_write_service.rb
@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ class FanOutOnWriteService < BaseService

    deliver_to_self(status) if status.account.local?

-    render_anonymous_payload(status)
-
    if status.direct_visibility?
      deliver_to_mentioned_followers(status)
      deliver_to_direct_timelines(status)
@ -24,6 +22,8 @@ class FanOutOnWriteService < BaseService
    return if status.account.silenced? || !status.public_visibility?
    return if status.reblog? && !Setting.show_reblogs_in_public_timelines

+    render_anonymous_payload(status)
+
    deliver_to_hashtags(status)

    return if status.reply? && status.in_reply_to_account_id != status.account_id && !Setting.show_replies_in_public_timelines
@ -63,8 +63,10 @@ class FanOutOnWriteService < BaseService
  def deliver_to_mentioned_followers(status)
    Rails.logger.debug "Delivering status #{status.id} to limited followers"

-    FeedInsertWorker.push_bulk(status.mentions.includes(:account).map(&:account).select { |mentioned_account| mentioned_account.local? && mentioned_account.following?(status.account) }) do |follower|
-      [status.id, follower.id, :home]
+    status.mentions.joins(:account).merge(status.account.followers_for_local_distribution).select(:id).reorder(nil).find_in_batches do |followers|
+      FeedInsertWorker.push_bulk(followers) do |follower|
+        [status.id, follower.id, :home]
+      end
    end
  end

--- a/app/services/hashtag_query_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/hashtag_query_service.rb
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class HashtagQueryService < BaseService
    all  = tags_for(params[:all])
    none = tags_for(params[:none])

-    Status.distinct
+    Status.group(:id)
          .as_tag_timeline(tags, account, local)
          .tagged_with_all(all)
          .tagged_with_none(none)
--- a/app/views/auth/sessions/two_factor.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/auth/sessions/two_factor.html.haml
@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
 - content_for :page_title do
  = t('auth.login')

-= simple_form_for(resource, as: resource_name, url: session_path(resource_name), method: :post) do |f|
-  %p.hint.otp-hint= t('simple_form.hints.sessions.otp')
+=javascript_pack_tag 'two_factor_authentication', integrity: true, crossorigin: 'anonymous'

-  .fields-group
-    = f.input :otp_attempt, type: :number, wrapper: :with_label, label: t('simple_form.labels.defaults.otp_attempt'), input_html: { 'aria-label' => t('simple_form.labels.defaults.otp_attempt'), :autocomplete => 'off' }, autofocus: true
+- if @webauthn_enabled
+  = render partial: 'auth/sessions/two_factor/webauthn_form', locals: { hidden: @scheme_type != 'webauthn' }

-  .actions
-    = f.button :button, t('auth.login'), type: :submit
-
-  - if Setting.site_contact_email.present?
-    %p.hint.subtle-hint= t('users.otp_lost_help_html', email: mail_to(Setting.site_contact_email, nil))
+= render partial: 'auth/sessions/two_factor/otp_authentication_form', locals: { hidden: @scheme_type != 'totp' }
--- a/app/views/auth/sessions/two_factor/_otp_authentication_form.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/auth/sessions/two_factor/_otp_authentication_form.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+= simple_form_for(resource,
+                  as: resource_name,
+                  url: session_path(resource_name),
+                  html: { method: :post, id: 'otp-authentication-form' }.merge(hidden ? { class: 'hidden' } : {})) do |f|
+  %p.hint.authentication-hint= t('simple_form.hints.sessions.otp')
+
+  .fields-group
+    = f.input :otp_attempt, type: :number, wrapper: :with_label, label: t('simple_form.labels.defaults.otp_attempt'), input_html: { 'aria-label' => t('simple_form.labels.defaults.otp_attempt'), :autocomplete => 'off' }, autofocus: true
+
+  .actions
+    = f.button :button, t('auth.login'), type: :submit
+
+  - if Setting.site_contact_email.present?
+    %p.hint.subtle-hint= t('users.otp_lost_help_html', email: mail_to(Setting.site_contact_email, nil))
+
+  - if @webauthn_enabled
+    .form-footer
+      = link_to(t('auth.link_to_webauth'), '#', id: 'link-to-webauthn')
--- a/app/views/auth/sessions/two_factor/_webauthn_form.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/auth/sessions/two_factor/_webauthn_form.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+%p.flash-message.hidden#unsupported-browser-message= t 'webauthn_credentials.not_supported'
+%p.flash-message.alert.hidden#security-key-error-message= t 'webauthn_credentials.invalid_credential'
+
+
+= simple_form_for(resource,
+                  as: resource_name,
+                  url: session_path(resource_name),
+                  html: { method: :post, id: 'webauthn-form' }.merge(hidden ? { class: 'hidden' } : {})) do |f|
+  %h3.title= t('simple_form.title.sessions.webauthn')
+  %p.hint= t('simple_form.hints.sessions.webauthn')
+
+  .actions
+    = f.button :button, t('auth.use_security_key'), class: 'js-webauthn', type: :submit
+
+  .form-footer
+    %p= t('auth.dont_have_your_security_key')
+    = link_to(t('auth.link_to_otp'), '#', id: 'link-to-otp')
--- a/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication/confirmations/new.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication/confirmations/new.html.haml
@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
  = t('settings.two_factor_authentication')

 = simple_form_for @confirmation, url: settings_two_factor_authentication_confirmation_path, method: :post do |f|
-  %p.hint= t('two_factor_authentication.instructions_html')
+  %p.hint= t('otp_authentication.instructions_html')

  .qr-wrapper
    .qr-code!= @qrcode.as_svg(padding: 0, module_size: 4)

    .qr-alternative
-      %p.hint= t('two_factor_authentication.manual_instructions')
-      %samp.qr-alternative__code= current_user.otp_secret.scan(/.{4}/).join(' ')
+      %p.hint= t('otp_authentication.manual_instructions')
+      %samp.qr-alternative__code= @new_otp_secret.scan(/.{4}/).join(' ')

  .fields-group
-    = f.input :otp_attempt, wrapper: :with_label, hint: t('two_factor_authentication.code_hint'), label: t('simple_form.labels.defaults.otp_attempt'), input_html: { :autocomplete => 'off' }, required: true
+    = f.input :otp_attempt, wrapper: :with_label, hint: t('otp_authentication.code_hint'), label: t('simple_form.labels.defaults.otp_attempt'), input_html: { :autocomplete => 'off' }, required: true

  .actions
-    = f.button :button, t('two_factor_authentication.enable'), type: :submit
+    = f.button :button, t('otp_authentication.enable'), type: :submit
--- a/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication/otp_authentication/show.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication/otp_authentication/show.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+- content_for :page_title do
+  = t('settings.two_factor_authentication')
+
+.simple_form
+  %p.hint= t('otp_authentication.description_html')
+
+  %hr.spacer/
+
+  = link_to t('otp_authentication.setup'), settings_otp_authentication_path, data: { method: :post }, class: 'block-button'
--- a/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials/index.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials/index.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+- content_for :page_title do
+  = t('settings.webauthn_authentication')
+
+.table-wrapper
+  %table.table
+    %tbody
+      - current_user.webauthn_credentials.each do |credential|
+        %tr
+          %td= credential.nickname
+          %td= t('webauthn_credentials.registered_on', date: l(credential.created_at.to_date, format: :with_month_name))
+          %td
+            = table_link_to 'trash', t('webauthn_credentials.delete'), settings_webauthn_credential_path(credential.id), method: :delete, data: { confirm: t('webauthn_credentials.delete_confirmation') }
+
+%hr.spacer/
+
+.simple_form
+  = link_to t('webauthn_credentials.add'), new_settings_webauthn_credential_path, class: 'block-button'
--- a/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials/new.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials/new.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+- content_for :page_title do
+  = t('settings.webauthn_authentication')
+
+= simple_form_for(:new_webauthn_credential, url: settings_webauthn_credentials_path, html: { id: :new_webauthn_credential }) do |f|
+  %p.flash-message.hidden#unsupported-browser-message= t 'webauthn_credentials.not_supported'
+  %p.flash-message.alert.hidden#security-key-error-message= t 'webauthn_credentials.invalid_credential'
+
+  %p.hint= t('webauthn_credentials.description_html')
+
+  .fields_group
+    = f.input :nickname, wrapper: :with_block_label, hint: t('webauthn_credentials.nickname_hint'), input_html: { :autocomplete => 'off' }, required: true
+
+  .actions
+    = f.button :button, t('webauthn_credentials.add'), class: 'js-webauthn', type: :submit
+
+= javascript_pack_tag 'two_factor_authentication', integrity: true, crossorigin: 'anonymous'
--- a/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication_methods/index.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentication_methods/index.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+- content_for :page_title do
+  = t('settings.two_factor_authentication')
+
+- content_for :heading_actions do
+  = link_to t('two_factor_authentication.disable'), disable_settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path, class: 'button button--destructive', method: :post
+
+%p.hint
+  %span.positive-hint
+    = fa_icon 'check'
+    = ' '
+    = t 'two_factor_authentication.enabled'
+
+.table-wrapper
+  %table.table
+    %thead
+      %tr
+        %th= t('two_factor_authentication.methods')
+        %th
+    %tbody
+      %tr
+        %td= t('two_factor_authentication.otp')
+        %td
+          = table_link_to 'pencil', t('two_factor_authentication.edit'), settings_otp_authentication_path, method: :post
+      %tr
+        %td= t('two_factor_authentication.webauthn')
+        - if current_user.webauthn_enabled?
+          %td
+            = table_link_to 'pencil', t('two_factor_authentication.edit'), settings_webauthn_credentials_path, method: :get
+        - else
+          %td
+            = table_link_to 'key', t('two_factor_authentication.add'), new_settings_webauthn_credential_path, method: :get
+
+%hr.spacer/
+
+%h3= t('two_factor_authentication.recovery_codes')
+%p.muted-hint= t('two_factor_authentication.lost_recovery_codes')
+
+%hr.spacer/
+
+.simple_form
+  = link_to t('two_factor_authentication.generate_recovery_codes'), settings_two_factor_authentication_recovery_codes_path, data: { method: :post }, class: 'block-button'
--- a/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentications/show.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/settings/two_factor_authentications/show.html.haml
@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
- content_for :page_title do
-  = t('settings.two_factor_authentication')
-
- if current_user.otp_required_for_login
-  %p.hint
-    %span.positive-hint
-      = fa_icon 'check'
-      = ' '
-      = t 'two_factor_authentication.enabled'
-
-  %hr.spacer/
-
-  = simple_form_for @confirmation, url: settings_two_factor_authentication_path, method: :delete do |f|
-    .fields-group
-      = f.input :otp_attempt, wrapper: :with_block_label, hint: t('two_factor_authentication.code_hint'), label: t('simple_form.labels.defaults.otp_attempt'), input_html: { :autocomplete => 'off' }, required: true
-
-    .actions
-      = f.button :button, t('two_factor_authentication.disable'), type: :submit, class: 'negative'
-
-  %hr.spacer/
-
-  %h3= t('two_factor_authentication.recovery_codes')
-  %p.muted-hint= t('two_factor_authentication.lost_recovery_codes')
-
-  %hr.spacer/
-
-  .simple_form
-    = link_to t('two_factor_authentication.generate_recovery_codes'), settings_two_factor_authentication_recovery_codes_path, data: { method: :post }, class: 'block-button'
-
- else
-  .simple_form
-    %p.hint= t('two_factor_authentication.description_html')
-
-    %hr.spacer/
-
-    = link_to t('two_factor_authentication.setup'), settings_two_factor_authentication_path, data: { method: :post }, class: 'block-button'
--- a/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_credential_added.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_credential_added.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+%table.email-table{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+  %tbody
+    %tr
+      %td.email-body
+        .email-container
+          %table.content-section{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+            %tbody
+              %tr
+                %td.content-cell.hero
+                  .email-row
+                    .col-6
+                      %table.column{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                        %tbody
+                          %tr
+                            %td.column-cell.text-center.padded
+                              %table.hero-icon{ align: 'center', cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                                %tbody
+                                  %tr
+                                    %td
+                                      = image_tag full_pack_url('media/images/mailer/icon_lock_open.png'), alt: ''
+
+                              %h1= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_credential.added.title'
+                              %p.lead= "#{t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_credential.added.explanation' }:"
+                              %p.lead= @webauthn_credential.nickname
+
+%table.email-table{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+  %tbody
+    %tr
+      %td.email-body
+        .email-container
+          %table.content-section{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+            %tbody
+              %tr
+                %td.content-cell.content-start
+                  %table.column{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                    %tbody
+                      %tr
+                        %td.column-cell.button-cell
+                          %table.button{ align: 'center', cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                            %tbody
+                              %tr
+                                %td.button-primary
+                                  = link_to edit_user_registration_url do
+                                    %span= t('settings.account_settings')
--- a/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_credential_added.text.erb
+++ b/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_credential_added.text.erb
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<%= t 'devise.mailer.two_factor_enabled.title' %>
+
+===
+
+<%= t 'devise.mailer.two_factor_enabled.explanation' %>
+
+=> <%= edit_user_registration_url %>
--- a/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_credential_deleted.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_credential_deleted.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+%table.email-table{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+  %tbody
+    %tr
+      %td.email-body
+        .email-container
+          %table.content-section{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+            %tbody
+              %tr
+                %td.content-cell.hero
+                  .email-row
+                    .col-6
+                      %table.column{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                        %tbody
+                          %tr
+                            %td.column-cell.text-center.padded
+                              %table.hero-icon.alert-icon{ align: 'center', cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                                %tbody
+                                  %tr
+                                    %td
+                                      = image_tag full_pack_url('media/images/mailer/icon_lock_open.png'), alt: ''
+
+                              %h1= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_credential.deleted.title'
+                              %p.lead= "#{t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_credential.deleted.explanation' }:"
+                              %p.lead= @webauthn_credential.nickname
+
+%table.email-table{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+  %tbody
+    %tr
+      %td.email-body
+        .email-container
+          %table.content-section{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+            %tbody
+              %tr
+                %td.content-cell.content-start
+                  %table.column{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                    %tbody
+                      %tr
+                        %td.column-cell.button-cell
+                          %table.button{ align: 'center', cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                            %tbody
+                              %tr
+                                %td.button-primary
+                                  = link_to edit_user_registration_url do
+                                    %span= t('settings.account_settings')
--- a/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_credential_deleted.text.erb
+++ b/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_credential_deleted.text.erb
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<%= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_credential.deleted.title' %>
+
+===
+
+<%= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_credential.deleted.explanation' %>
+
+=> <%= edit_user_registration_url %>
--- a/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_disabled.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_disabled.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+%table.email-table{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+  %tbody
+    %tr
+      %td.email-body
+        .email-container
+          %table.content-section{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+            %tbody
+              %tr
+                %td.content-cell.hero
+                  .email-row
+                    .col-6
+                      %table.column{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                        %tbody
+                          %tr
+                            %td.column-cell.text-center.padded
+                              %table.hero-icon.alert-icon{ align: 'center', cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                                %tbody
+                                  %tr
+                                    %td
+                                      = image_tag full_pack_url('media/images/mailer/icon_lock_open.png'), alt: ''
+
+                              %h1= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_disabled.title'
+                              %p.lead= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_disabled.explanation'
+
+%table.email-table{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+  %tbody
+    %tr
+      %td.email-body
+        .email-container
+          %table.content-section{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+            %tbody
+              %tr
+                %td.content-cell.content-start
+                  %table.column{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                    %tbody
+                      %tr
+                        %td.column-cell.button-cell
+                          %table.button{ align: 'center', cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                            %tbody
+                              %tr
+                                %td.button-primary
+                                  = link_to edit_user_registration_url do
+                                    %span= t('settings.account_settings')
--- a/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_disabled.text.erb
+++ b/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_disabled.text.erb
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<%= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_disabled.title' %>
+
+===
+
+<%= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_disabled.explanation' %>
+
+=> <%= edit_user_registration_url %>
--- a/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_enabled.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_enabled.html.haml
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+%table.email-table{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+  %tbody
+    %tr
+      %td.email-body
+        .email-container
+          %table.content-section{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+            %tbody
+              %tr
+                %td.content-cell.hero
+                  .email-row
+                    .col-6
+                      %table.column{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                        %tbody
+                          %tr
+                            %td.column-cell.text-center.padded
+                              %table.hero-icon{ align: 'center', cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                                %tbody
+                                  %tr
+                                    %td
+                                      = image_tag full_pack_url('media/images/mailer/icon_lock_open.png'), alt: ''
+
+                              %h1= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_enabled.title'
+                              %p.lead= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_enabled.explanation'
+
+%table.email-table{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+  %tbody
+    %tr
+      %td.email-body
+        .email-container
+          %table.content-section{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+            %tbody
+              %tr
+                %td.content-cell.content-start
+                  %table.column{ cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                    %tbody
+                      %tr
+                        %td.column-cell.button-cell
+                          %table.button{ align: 'center', cellspacing: 0, cellpadding: 0 }
+                            %tbody
+                              %tr
+                                %td.button-primary
+                                  = link_to edit_user_registration_url do
+                                    %span= t('settings.account_settings')
--- a/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_enabled.text.erb
+++ b/app/views/user_mailer/webauthn_enabled.text.erb
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<%= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_credentia.added.title' %>
+
+===
+
+<%= t 'devise.mailer.webauthn_credentia.added.explanation' %>
+
+=> <%= edit_user_registration_url %>
--- a/bin/heroku-web
+++ b/bin/heroku-web
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+if [ "$RUN_STREAMING" != "true" ]; then BIND=0.0.0.0 bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb; else BIND=0.0.0.0 node ./streaming; fi
--- a/config/initializers/webauthn.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/webauthn.rb
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+WebAuthn.configure do |config|
+  # This value needs to match `window.location.origin` evaluated by
+  # the User Agent during registration and authentication ceremonies.
+  config.origin = "#{Rails.configuration.x.use_https ? 'https' : 'http' }://#{Rails.configuration.x.web_domain}"
+
+  # Relying Party name for display purposes
+  config.rp_name = "Mastodon"
+
+  # Optionally configure a client timeout hint, in milliseconds.
+  # This hint specifies how long the browser should wait for an
+  # attestation or an assertion response.
+  # This hint may be overridden by the browser.
+  # https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#dom-publickeycredentialcreationoptions-timeout
+  config.credential_options_timeout = 120_000
+
+  # You can optionally specify a different Relying Party ID
+  # (https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn/#relying-party-identifier)
+  # if it differs from the default one.
+  #
+  # In this case the default would be "auth.example.com", but you can set it to
+  # the suffix "example.com"
+  #
+  # config.rp_id = "example.com"
+end
--- a/config/locales/devise.en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/devise.en.yml
@ -60,6 +60,23 @@ en:
        title: 2FA recovery codes changed
      unlock_instructions:
        subject: 'Mastodon: Unlock instructions'
+      webauthn_credential:
+        added:
+          explanation: The following security key has been added to your account
+          subject: 'Mastodon: New security key'
+          title: A new security key has been added
+        deleted:
+          explanation: The following security key has been deleted from your account
+          subject: 'Mastodon: Security key deleted'
+          title: One of you security keys has been deleted
+      webauthn_disabled:
+        explanation: Authentication with security keys has been disabled for your account. Login is now possible using only the token generated by the paired TOTP app.
+        subject: 'Mastodon: Authentication with security keys disabled'
+        title: Security keys disabled
+      webauthn_enabled:
+        explanation: Security key authentication has been enabled for your account. Your security key can now be used for login.
+        subject: 'Mastodon: Security key authentication enabled'
+        title: Security keys enabled
    omniauth_callbacks:
      failure: Could not authenticate you from %{kind} because "%{reason}".
      success: Successfully authenticated from %{kind} account.
--- a/config/locales/en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/en.yml
@ -681,8 +681,11 @@ en:
      prefix_sign_up: Sign up on Mastodon today!
      suffix: With an account, you will be able to follow people, post updates and exchange messages with users from any Mastodon server and more!
    didnt_get_confirmation: Didn't receive confirmation instructions?
+    dont_have_your_security_key: Don't have your security key?
    forgot_password: Forgot your password?
    invalid_reset_password_token: Password reset token is invalid or expired. Please request a new one.
+    link_to_otp: Enter a two-factor code from your phone or a recovery code
+    link_to_webauth: Use your security key device
    login: Log in
    logout: Logout
    migrate_account: Move to a different account
@ -708,6 +711,7 @@ en:
      pending: Your application is pending review by our staff. This may take some time. You will receive an e-mail if your application is approved.
      redirecting_to: Your account is inactive because it is currently redirecting to %{acct}.
    trouble_logging_in: Trouble logging in?
+    use_security_key: Use security key
  authorize_follow:
    already_following: You are already following this account
    already_requested: You have already sent a follow request to that account
@ -732,6 +736,7 @@ en:
  date:
    formats:
      default: "%b %d, %Y"
+      with_month_name: "%B %d, %Y"
  datetime:
    distance_in_words:
      about_x_hours: "%{count}h"
@ -993,6 +998,14 @@ en:
          thousand: K
          trillion: T
          unit: ''
+  otp_authentication:
+    code_hint: Enter the code generated by your authenticator app to confirm
+    description_html: If you enable <strong>two-factor authentication</strong> using an authenticator app, logging in will require you to be in possession of your phone, which will generate tokens for you to enter.
+    enable: Enable
+    instructions_html: "<strong>Scan this QR code into Google Authenticator or a similiar TOTP app on your phone</strong>. From now on, that app will generate tokens that you will have to enter when logging in."
+    manual_instructions: 'If you can''t scan the QR code and need to enter it manually, here is the plain-text secret:'
+    setup: Set up
+    wrong_code: The entered code was invalid! Are server time and device time correct?
  pagination:
    newer: Newer
    next: Next
@ -1117,6 +1130,7 @@ en:
    profile: Profile
    relationships: Follows and followers
    two_factor_authentication: Two-factor Auth
+    webauthn_authentication: Security keys
  spam_check:
    spam_detected: This is an automated report. Spam has been detected.
  statuses:
@ -1263,21 +1277,20 @@ en:
      default: "%b %d, %Y, %H:%M"
      month: "%b %Y"
  two_factor_authentication:
-    code_hint: Enter the code generated by your authenticator app to confirm
-    description_html: If you enable <strong>two-factor authentication</strong>, logging in will require you to be in possession of your phone, which will generate tokens for you to enter.
-    disable: Disable
-    enable: Enable
+    add: Add
+    disable: Disable 2FA
+    disabled_success: Two-factor authentication successfully disabled
+    edit: Edit
    enabled: Two-factor authentication is enabled
    enabled_success: Two-factor authentication successfully enabled
    generate_recovery_codes: Generate recovery codes
-    instructions_html: "<strong>Scan this QR code into Google Authenticator or a similiar TOTP app on your phone</strong>. From now on, that app will generate tokens that you will have to enter when logging in."
    lost_recovery_codes: Recovery codes allow you to regain access to your account if you lose your phone. If you've lost your recovery codes, you can regenerate them here. Your old recovery codes will be invalidated.
-    manual_instructions: 'If you can''t scan the QR code and need to enter it manually, here is the plain-text secret:'
+    methods: Two-factor methods
+    otp: Authenticator app
    recovery_codes: Backup recovery codes
    recovery_codes_regenerated: Recovery codes successfully regenerated
    recovery_instructions_html: If you ever lose access to your phone, you can use one of the recovery codes below to regain access to your account. <strong>Keep the recovery codes safe</strong>. For example, you may print them and store them with other important documents.
-    setup: Set up
-    wrong_code: The entered code was invalid! Are server time and device time correct?
+    webauthn: Security keys
  user_mailer:
    backup_ready:
      explanation: You requested a full backup of your Mastodon account. It's now ready for download!
@ -1339,3 +1352,20 @@ en:
  verification:
    explanation_html: 'You can <strong>verify yourself as the owner of the links in your profile metadata</strong>. For that, the linked website must contain a link back to your Mastodon profile. The link back <strong>must</strong> have a <code>rel="me"</code> attribute. The text content of the link does not matter. Here is an example:'
    verification: Verification
+  webauthn_credentials:
+    add: Add new security key
+    create:
+      error: There was a problem adding your security key. Please try again.
+      success: Your security key was successfully added.
+    delete: Delete
+    delete_confirmation: Are you sure you want to delete this security key?
+    description_html: If you enable <strong>security key authentication</strong>, logging in will require you to use one of your security keys.
+    destroy:
+      error: There was a problem deleting you security key. Please try again.
+      success: Your security key was successfully deleted.
+    invalid_credential: Invalid security key
+    nickname_hint: Enter the nickname of your new security key
+    not_enabled: You haven't enabled WebAuthn yet
+    not_supported: This browser doesn't support security keys
+    otp_required: To use security keys please enable two-factor authentication first.
+    registered_on: Registered on %{date}
--- a/config/locales/simple_form.en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/simple_form.en.yml
@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ en:
        text: This will help us review your application
      sessions:
        otp: 'Enter the two-factor code generated by your phone app or use one of your recovery codes:'
+        webauthn: If it's an USB key be sure to insert it and, if necessary, tap it.
      tag:
        name: You can only change the casing of the letters, for example, to make it more readable
      user:
@ -188,4 +189,7 @@ en:
    required:
      mark: "*"
      text: required
+    title:
+      sessions:
+        webauthn: Use one of your security keys to sign in
    'yes': 'Yes'
--- a/config/navigation.rb
+++ b/config/navigation.rb
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ SimpleNavigation::Configuration.run do |navigation|

    n.item :security, safe_join([fa_icon('lock fw'), t('settings.account')]), edit_user_registration_url do |s|
      s.item :password, safe_join([fa_icon('lock fw'), t('settings.account_settings')]), edit_user_registration_url, highlights_on: %r{/auth/edit|/settings/delete|/settings/migration|/settings/aliases}
-      s.item :two_factor_authentication, safe_join([fa_icon('mobile fw'), t('settings.two_factor_authentication')]), settings_two_factor_authentication_url, highlights_on: %r{/settings/two_factor_authentication}
+      s.item :two_factor_authentication, safe_join([fa_icon('mobile fw'), t('settings.two_factor_authentication')]), settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_url, highlights_on: %r{/settings/two_factor_authentication|/settings/security_keys}
      s.item :authorized_apps, safe_join([fa_icon('list fw'), t('settings.authorized_apps')]), oauth_authorized_applications_url
    end

--- a/config/routes.rb
+++ b/config/routes.rb
@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ Rails.application.routes.draw do
    namespace :auth do
      resource :setup, only: [:show, :update], controller: :setup
      resource :challenge, only: [:create], controller: :challenges
+      get 'sessions/security_key_options', to: 'sessions#webauthn_options'
    end
  end

@ -124,7 +125,22 @@ Rails.application.routes.draw do
      resources :domain_blocks, only: :index, controller: :blocked_domains
    end

-    resource :two_factor_authentication, only: [:show, :create, :destroy]
+    resources :two_factor_authentication_methods, only: [:index] do
+      collection do
+        post :disable
+      end
+    end
+
+    resource :otp_authentication, only: [:show, :create], controller: 'two_factor_authentication/otp_authentication'
+
+    resources :webauthn_credentials, only: [:index, :new, :create, :destroy],
+              path: 'security_keys',
+              controller: 'two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials' do
+
+      collection do
+        get :options
+      end
+    end

    namespace :two_factor_authentication do
      resources :recovery_codes, only: [:create]
--- a/config/webpack/production.js
+++ b/config/webpack/production.js
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ module.exports = merge(sharedConfig, {
        '**/*.woff',
      ],
      ServiceWorker: {
-        entry: `imports-loader?ATTACHMENT_HOST=>${encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(attachmentHost))}!${encodeURI(path.join(__dirname, '../../app/javascript/mastodon/service_worker/entry.js'))}`,
+        entry: `imports-loader?additionalCode=${encodeURIComponent(`var ATTACHMENT_HOST=${JSON.stringify(attachmentHost)};`)}!${encodeURI(path.join(__dirname, '../../app/javascript/mastodon/service_worker/entry.js'))}`,
        cacheName: 'mastodon',
        output: '../assets/sw.js',
        publicPath: '/sw.js',
--- a/db/migrate/20200630190240_create_webauthn_credentials.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20200630190240_create_webauthn_credentials.rb
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+class CreateWebauthnCredentials < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
+  def change
+    create_table :webauthn_credentials do |t|
+      t.string :external_id, null: false
+      t.string :public_key, null: false
+      t.string :nickname, null: false
+      t.bigint :sign_count, null: false, default: 0
+
+      t.index :external_id, unique: true
+
+      t.references :user, foreign_key: true
+
+      t.timestamps
+    end
+  end
+end
--- a/db/migrate/20200630190544_add_webauthn_id_to_users.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20200630190544_add_webauthn_id_to_users.rb
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class AddWebauthnIdToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
+  def change
+    add_column :users, :webauthn_id, :string
+  end
+end
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.

-ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_06_28_133322) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_06_30_190544) do

  # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
  enable_extension "plpgsql"
@ -883,6 +883,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_06_28_133322) do
    t.boolean "approved", default: true, null: false
    t.string "sign_in_token"
    t.datetime "sign_in_token_sent_at"
+    t.string "webauthn_id"
    t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_users_on_account_id"
    t.index ["confirmation_token"], name: "index_users_on_confirmation_token", unique: true
    t.index ["created_by_application_id"], name: "index_users_on_created_by_application_id"
@ -912,6 +913,18 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_06_28_133322) do
    t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_web_settings_on_user_id", unique: true
  end

+  create_table "webauthn_credentials", force: :cascade do |t|
+    t.string "external_id", null: false
+    t.string "public_key", null: false
+    t.string "nickname", null: false
+    t.bigint "sign_count", default: 0, null: false
+    t.bigint "user_id"
+    t.datetime "created_at", null: false
+    t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
+    t.index ["external_id"], name: "index_webauthn_credentials_on_external_id", unique: true
+    t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_webauthn_credentials_on_user_id"
+  end
+
  add_foreign_key "account_aliases", "accounts", on_delete: :cascade
  add_foreign_key "account_conversations", "accounts", on_delete: :cascade
  add_foreign_key "account_conversations", "conversations", on_delete: :cascade
@ -1010,4 +1023,5 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_06_28_133322) do
  add_foreign_key "web_push_subscriptions", "oauth_access_tokens", column: "access_token_id", on_delete: :cascade
  add_foreign_key "web_push_subscriptions", "users", on_delete: :cascade
  add_foreign_key "web_settings", "users", name: "fk_11910667b2", on_delete: :cascade
+  add_foreign_key "webauthn_credentials", "users"
 end
--- a/lib/mastodon/media_cli.rb
+++ b/lib/mastodon/media_cli.rb
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ module Mastodon
      processed, aggregate = parallelize_with_progress(MediaAttachment.cached.where.not(remote_url: '').where('created_at < ?', time_ago)) do |media_attachment|
        next if media_attachment.file.blank?

-        size = media_attachment.file_file_size + (media_attachment.thumbnail_file_size || 0)
+        size = (media_attachment.file_file_size || 0) + (media_attachment.thumbnail_file_size || 0)

        unless options[:dry_run]
          media_attachment.file.destroy
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@ -64,17 +64,18 @@
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.8.3",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators": "^7.10.5",
    "@babel/plugin-transform-react-inline-elements": "^7.10.4",
-    "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.10.5",
+    "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.11.0",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.11.0",
    "@babel/preset-react": "^7.10.4",
-    "@babel/runtime": "^7.8.4",
-    "@clusterws/cws": "^2.0.0",
+    "@babel/runtime": "^7.11.2",
+    "@clusterws/cws": "^3.0.0",
    "@gamestdio/websocket": "^0.3.2",
+    "@github/webauthn-json": "^0.4.2",
    "@rails/ujs": "^6.0.3",
    "array-includes": "^3.1.1",
    "atrament": "0.2.4",
    "arrow-key-navigation": "^1.2.0",
-    "autoprefixer": "^9.8.5",
+    "autoprefixer": "^9.8.6",
    "axios": "^0.19.2",
    "babel-loader": "^8.1.0",
    "babel-plugin-lodash": "^3.3.4",
@ -84,10 +85,10 @@
    "babel-runtime": "^6.26.0",
    "blurhash": "^1.1.3",
    "classnames": "^2.2.5",
-    "compression-webpack-plugin": "^4.0.0",
-    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^6.0.2",
+    "compression-webpack-plugin": "^5.0.1",
+    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^6.0.3",
    "cross-env": "^7.0.2",
-    "css-loader": "^3.6.0",
+    "css-loader": "^4.2.2",
    "cssnano": "^4.1.10",
    "detect-passive-events": "^1.0.2",
    "dotenv": "^8.2.0",
@ -103,8 +104,8 @@
    "history": "^4.10.1",
    "http-link-header": "^1.0.2",
    "immutable": "^3.8.2",
-    "imports-loader": "^0.8.0",
-    "intersection-observer": "^0.10.0",
+    "imports-loader": "^1.1.0",
+    "intersection-observer": "^0.11.0",
    "intl": "^1.2.5",
    "intl-messageformat": "^2.2.0",
    "intl-relativeformat": "^6.4.3",
@ -150,12 +151,13 @@
    "redux": "^4.0.5",
    "redux-immutable": "^4.0.0",
    "redux-thunk": "^2.2.0",
+    "regenerator-runtime": "^0.13.7",
    "rellax": "^1.12.1",
    "requestidlecallback": "^0.3.0",
    "reselect": "^4.0.0",
    "rimraf": "^3.0.2",
    "sass": "^1.26.10",
-    "sass-loader": "^8.0.2",
+    "sass-loader": "^9.0.3",
    "stacktrace-js": "^2.0.2",
    "stringz": "^2.1.0",
    "substring-trie": "^1.0.2",
@ -164,7 +166,7 @@
    "throng": "^4.0.0",
    "tiny-queue": "^0.2.1",
    "uuid": "^8.2.0",
-    "webpack": "^4.44.0",
+    "webpack": "^4.44.1",
    "webpack-assets-manifest": "^3.1.1",
    "webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^3.8.0",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.3.12",
@ -175,13 +177,13 @@
    "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.2",
    "@testing-library/react": "^10.4.7",
    "babel-eslint": "^10.1.0",
-    "babel-jest": "^26.1.0",
+    "babel-jest": "^26.3.0",
    "eslint": "^7.6.0",
    "eslint-plugin-import": "~2.22.0",
    "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "~6.3.1",
    "eslint-plugin-promise": "~4.2.1",
    "eslint-plugin-react": "~7.20.4",
-    "jest": "^26.2.2",
+    "jest": "^26.4.2",
    "raf": "^3.4.1",
    "react-intl-translations-manager": "^5.0.3",
    "react-test-renderer": "^16.13.1",
--- a/spec/controllers/admin/two_factor_authentications_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/admin/two_factor_authentications_controller_spec.rb
@ -1,20 +1,51 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'webauthn/fake_client'

 describe Admin::TwoFactorAuthenticationsController do
  render_views

-  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, otp_required_for_login: true) }
+  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
  before do
    sign_in Fabricate(:user, admin: true), scope: :user
  end

  describe 'DELETE #destroy' do
-    it 'redirects to admin accounts page' do
-      delete :destroy, params: { user_id: user.id }
+    context 'when user has OTP enabled' do
+      before do
+        user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+      end

-      user.reload
-      expect(user.otp_required_for_login).to eq false
-      expect(response).to redirect_to(admin_accounts_path)
+      it 'redirects to admin accounts page' do
+        delete :destroy, params: { user_id: user.id }
+
+        user.reload
+        expect(user.otp_enabled?).to eq false
+        expect(response).to redirect_to(admin_accounts_path)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when user has OTP and WebAuthn enabled' do
+      let(:fake_client) { WebAuthn::FakeClient.new('http://test.host') }
+
+      before do
+        user.update(otp_required_for_login: true, webauthn_id: WebAuthn.generate_user_id)
+
+        public_key_credential = WebAuthn::Credential.from_create(fake_client.create)
+        Fabricate(:webauthn_credential,
+                  user_id: user.id,
+                  external_id: public_key_credential.id,
+                  public_key: public_key_credential.public_key,
+                  nickname: 'Security Key')
+      end
+
+      it 'redirects to admin accounts page' do
+        delete :destroy, params: { user_id: user.id }
+
+        user.reload
+        expect(user.otp_enabled?).to eq false
+        expect(user.webauthn_enabled?).to eq false
+        expect(response).to redirect_to(admin_accounts_path)
+      end
    end
  end
 end
--- a/spec/controllers/auth/sessions_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/auth/sessions_controller_spec.rb
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true

 require 'rails_helper'
+require 'webauthn/fake_client'

 RSpec.describe Auth::SessionsController, type: :controller do
  render_views
@ -183,90 +184,170 @@ RSpec.describe Auth::SessionsController, type: :controller do
    end

    context 'using two-factor authentication' do
-      let!(:user) do
-        Fabricate(:user, email: 'x@y.com', password: 'abcdefgh', otp_required_for_login: true, otp_secret: User.generate_otp_secret(32))
-      end
-
-      let!(:recovery_codes) do
-        codes = user.generate_otp_backup_codes!
-        user.save
-        return codes
-      end
-
-      context 'using email and password' do
-        before do
-          post :create, params: { user: { email: user.email, password: user.password } }
+      context 'with OTP enabled as second factor' do
+        let!(:user) do
+          Fabricate(:user, email: 'x@y.com', password: 'abcdefgh', otp_required_for_login: true, otp_secret: User.generate_otp_secret(32))
        end

-        it 'renders two factor authentication page' do
-          expect(controller).to render_template("two_factor")
+        let!(:recovery_codes) do
+          codes = user.generate_otp_backup_codes!
+          user.save
+          return codes
+        end
+
+        context 'using email and password' do
+          before do
+            post :create, params: { user: { email: user.email, password: user.password } }
+          end
+
+          it 'renders two factor authentication page' do
+            expect(controller).to render_template("two_factor")
+            expect(controller).to render_template(partial: "_otp_authentication_form")
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'using upcase email and password' do
+          before do
+            post :create, params: { user: { email: user.email.upcase, password: user.password } }
+          end
+
+          it 'renders two factor authentication page' do
+            expect(controller).to render_template("two_factor")
+            expect(controller).to render_template(partial: "_otp_authentication_form")
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'using a valid OTP' do
+          before do
+            post :create, params: { user: { otp_attempt: user.current_otp } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
+          end
+
+          it 'redirects to home' do
+            expect(response).to redirect_to(root_path)
+          end
+
+          it 'logs the user in' do
+            expect(controller.current_user).to eq user
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when the server has an decryption error' do
+          before do
+            allow_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:validate_and_consume_otp!).and_raise(OpenSSL::Cipher::CipherError)
+            post :create, params: { user: { otp_attempt: user.current_otp } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
+          end
+
+          it 'shows a login error' do
+            expect(flash[:alert]).to match I18n.t('users.invalid_otp_token')
+          end
+
+          it "doesn't log the user in" do
+            expect(controller.current_user).to be_nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'using a valid recovery code' do
+          before do
+            post :create, params: { user: { otp_attempt: recovery_codes.first } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
+          end
+
+          it 'redirects to home' do
+            expect(response).to redirect_to(root_path)
+          end
+
+          it 'logs the user in' do
+            expect(controller.current_user).to eq user
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'using an invalid OTP' do
+          before do
+            post :create, params: { user: { otp_attempt: 'wrongotp' } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
+          end
+
+          it 'shows a login error' do
+            expect(flash[:alert]).to match I18n.t('users.invalid_otp_token')
+          end
+
+          it "doesn't log the user in" do
+            expect(controller.current_user).to be_nil
+          end
        end
      end

-      context 'using upcase email and password' do
-        before do
-          post :create, params: { user: { email: user.email.upcase, password: user.password } }
+      context 'with WebAuthn and OTP enabled as second factor' do
+        let!(:user) do
+          Fabricate(:user, email: 'x@y.com', password: 'abcdefgh', otp_required_for_login: true, otp_secret: User.generate_otp_secret(32))
        end

-        it 'renders two factor authentication page' do
-          expect(controller).to render_template("two_factor")
-        end
-      end
-
-      context 'using a valid OTP' do
-        before do
-          post :create, params: { user: { otp_attempt: user.current_otp } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
+        let!(:recovery_codes) do
+          codes = user.generate_otp_backup_codes!
+          user.save
+          return codes
        end

-        it 'redirects to home' do
-          expect(response).to redirect_to(root_path)
+        let!(:webauthn_credential) do
+          user.update(webauthn_id: WebAuthn.generate_user_id)
+          public_key_credential = WebAuthn::Credential.from_create(fake_client.create)
+          user.webauthn_credentials.create(
+            nickname: 'SecurityKeyNickname',
+            external_id: public_key_credential.id,
+            public_key: public_key_credential.public_key,
+            sign_count: '1000'
+           )
+          user.webauthn_credentials.take
        end

-        it 'logs the user in' do
-          expect(controller.current_user).to eq user
-        end
-      end
+        let(:domain) { "#{Rails.configuration.x.use_https ? 'https' : 'http' }://#{Rails.configuration.x.web_domain}" }

-      context 'when the server has an decryption error' do
-        before do
-          allow_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:validate_and_consume_otp!).and_raise(OpenSSL::Cipher::CipherError)
-          post :create, params: { user: { otp_attempt: user.current_otp } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
+        let(:fake_client) { WebAuthn::FakeClient.new(domain) }
+
+        let(:challenge) { WebAuthn::Credential.options_for_get.challenge }
+
+        let(:sign_count) { 1234 }
+
+        let(:fake_credential) { fake_client.get(challenge: challenge, sign_count: sign_count) }
+
+        context 'using email and password' do
+          before do
+            post :create, params: { user: { email: user.email, password: user.password } }
+          end
+
+          it 'renders webauthn authentication page' do
+            expect(controller).to render_template("two_factor")
+            expect(controller).to render_template(partial: "_webauthn_form")
+          end
        end

-        it 'shows a login error' do
-          expect(flash[:alert]).to match I18n.t('users.invalid_otp_token')
+        context 'using upcase email and password' do
+          before do
+            post :create, params: { user: { email: user.email.upcase, password: user.password } }
+          end
+
+          it 'renders webauthn authentication page' do
+            expect(controller).to render_template("two_factor")
+            expect(controller).to render_template(partial: "_webauthn_form")
+          end
        end

-        it "doesn't log the user in" do
-          expect(controller.current_user).to be_nil
-        end
-      end
+        context 'using a valid webauthn credential' do
+          before do
+            @controller.session[:webauthn_challenge] = challenge

-      context 'using a valid recovery code' do
-        before do
-          post :create, params: { user: { otp_attempt: recovery_codes.first } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
-        end
+            post :create, params: { user: { credential: fake_credential } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
+          end

-        it 'redirects to home' do
-          expect(response).to redirect_to(root_path)
-        end
+          it 'instructs the browser to redirect to home' do
+            expect(body_as_json[:redirect_path]).to eq(root_path)
+          end

-        it 'logs the user in' do
-          expect(controller.current_user).to eq user
-        end
-      end
+          it 'logs the user in' do
+            expect(controller.current_user).to eq user
+          end

-      context 'using an invalid OTP' do
-        before do
-          post :create, params: { user: { otp_attempt: 'wrongotp' } }, session: { attempt_user_id: user.id }
-        end
-
-        it 'shows a login error' do
-          expect(flash[:alert]).to match I18n.t('users.invalid_otp_token')
-        end
-
-        it "doesn't log the user in" do
-          expect(controller.current_user).to be_nil
+          it 'updates the sign count' do
+            expect(webauthn_credential.reload.sign_count).to eq(sign_count)
+          end
        end
      end
    end
--- a/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/confirmations_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/confirmations_controller_spec.rb
@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Settings::TwoFactorAuthentication::ConfirmationsController do
  render_views

-  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'local-part@domain', otp_secret: 'thisisasecretforthespecofnewview') }
-  let(:user_without_otp_secret) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'local-part@domain') }

  shared_examples 'renders :new' do
    it 'renders the new view' do
@ -20,87 +18,101 @@ describe Settings::TwoFactorAuthentication::ConfirmationsController do
    end
  end

-  describe 'GET #new' do
-    context 'when signed in' do
-      subject do
-        sign_in user, scope: :user
-        get :new, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
-      end
+  [true, false].each do |with_otp_secret|
+    let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'local-part@domain', otp_secret: with_otp_secret ? 'oldotpsecret' : nil) }

-      include_examples 'renders :new'
-    end
-
-    it 'redirects if not signed in' do
-      get :new
-      expect(response).to redirect_to('/auth/sign_in')
-    end
-
-    it 'redirects if user do not have otp_secret' do
-      sign_in user_without_otp_secret, scope: :user
-      get :new, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
-      expect(response).to redirect_to('/settings/two_factor_authentication')
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'POST #create' do
-    context 'when signed in' do
-      before do
-        sign_in user, scope: :user
-      end
-
-      describe 'when form_two_factor_confirmation parameter is not provided' do
-        it 'raises ActionController::ParameterMissing' do
-          post :create, params: {}, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
-          expect(response).to have_http_status(400)
-        end
-      end
-
-      describe 'when creation succeeds' do
-        it 'renders page with success' do
-          otp_backup_codes = user.generate_otp_backup_codes!
-          expect_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:generate_otp_backup_codes!) do |value|
-            expect(value).to eq user
-            otp_backup_codes
-          end
-          expect_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:validate_and_consume_otp!) do |value, arg|
-            expect(value).to eq user
-            expect(arg).to eq '123456'
-            true
-          end
-
-          post :create, params: { form_two_factor_confirmation: { otp_attempt: '123456' } }, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
-
-          expect(assigns(:recovery_codes)).to eq otp_backup_codes
-          expect(flash[:notice]).to eq 'Two-factor authentication successfully enabled'
-          expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
-          expect(response).to render_template('settings/two_factor_authentication/recovery_codes/index')
-        end
-      end
-
-      describe 'when creation fails' do
+    describe 'GET #new' do
+      context 'when signed in and a new otp secret has been setted in the session' do
        subject do
-          expect_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:validate_and_consume_otp!) do |value, arg|
-            expect(value).to eq user
-            expect(arg).to eq '123456'
-            false
-          end
-
-          post :create, params: { form_two_factor_confirmation: { otp_attempt: '123456' } }, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
-        end
-
-        it 'renders the new view' do
-          subject
-          expect(response.body).to include 'The entered code was invalid! Are server time and device time correct?'
+          sign_in user, scope: :user
+          get :new, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc, new_otp_secret: 'thisisasecretforthespecofnewview' }
        end

        include_examples 'renders :new'
      end
+
+      it 'redirects if not signed in' do
+        get :new
+        expect(response).to redirect_to('/auth/sign_in')
+      end
+
+      it 'redirects if a new otp_secret has not been setted in the session' do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+        get :new, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
+        expect(response).to redirect_to('/settings/otp_authentication')
+      end
    end

-    context 'when not signed in' do
-      it 'redirects if not signed in' do
-        post :create, params: { form_two_factor_confirmation: { otp_attempt: '123456' } }
-        expect(response).to redirect_to('/auth/sign_in')
+    describe 'POST #create' do
+      context 'when signed in' do
+        before do
+          sign_in user, scope: :user
+        end
+
+        describe 'when form_two_factor_confirmation parameter is not provided' do
+          it 'raises ActionController::ParameterMissing' do
+            post :create, params: {}, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc, new_otp_secret: 'thisisasecretforthespecofnewview' }
+            expect(response).to have_http_status(400)
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'when creation succeeds' do
+          it 'renders page with success' do
+            otp_backup_codes = user.generate_otp_backup_codes!
+            expect_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:generate_otp_backup_codes!) do |value|
+              expect(value).to eq user
+              otp_backup_codes
+            end
+            expect_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:validate_and_consume_otp!) do |value, code, options|
+              expect(value).to eq user
+              expect(code).to eq '123456'
+              expect(options).to eq({ otp_secret: 'thisisasecretforthespecofnewview' })
+              true
+            end
+
+            expect do
+              post :create,
+                   params: { form_two_factor_confirmation: { otp_attempt: '123456' } },
+                   session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc, new_otp_secret: 'thisisasecretforthespecofnewview' }
+            end.to change { user.reload.otp_secret }.to 'thisisasecretforthespecofnewview'
+
+            expect(assigns(:recovery_codes)).to eq otp_backup_codes
+            expect(flash[:notice]).to eq 'Two-factor authentication successfully enabled'
+            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
+            expect(response).to render_template('settings/two_factor_authentication/recovery_codes/index')
+          end
+        end
+
+        describe 'when creation fails' do
+          subject do
+            expect_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:validate_and_consume_otp!) do |value, code, options|
+              expect(value).to eq user
+              expect(code).to eq '123456'
+              expect(options).to eq({ otp_secret: 'thisisasecretforthespecofnewview' })
+              false
+            end
+
+            expect do
+              post :create,
+                   params: { form_two_factor_confirmation: { otp_attempt: '123456' } },
+                   session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc, new_otp_secret: 'thisisasecretforthespecofnewview' }
+            end.to not_change { user.reload.otp_secret }
+          end
+
+          it 'renders the new view' do
+            subject
+            expect(response.body).to include 'The entered code was invalid! Are server time and device time correct?'
+          end
+
+          include_examples 'renders :new'
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when not signed in' do
+        it 'redirects if not signed in' do
+          post :create, params: { form_two_factor_confirmation: { otp_attempt: '123456' } }
+          expect(response).to redirect_to('/auth/sign_in')
+        end
      end
    end
  end
--- a/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/otp_authentication_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/otp_authentication_controller_spec.rb
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+describe Settings::TwoFactorAuthentication::OtpAuthenticationController do
+  render_views
+
+  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
+
+  describe 'GET #show' do
+    context 'when signed in' do
+      before do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+      end
+
+      describe 'when user has OTP enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+        end
+
+        it 'redirects to two factor authentciation methods list page' do
+          get :show
+
+          expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'when user does not have OTP enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: false)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns http success' do
+          get :show
+
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when not signed in' do
+      it 'redirects' do
+        get :show
+
+        expect(response).to redirect_to new_user_session_path
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'POST #create' do
+    context 'when signed in' do
+      before do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+      end
+
+      describe 'when user has OTP enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+        end
+
+        describe 'when creation succeeds' do
+          it 'redirects to code confirmation page without updating user secret and setting otp secret in the session' do
+            expect do
+              post :create, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
+            end.to not_change { user.reload.otp_secret }
+               .and change { session[:new_otp_secret] }
+
+            expect(response).to redirect_to(new_settings_two_factor_authentication_confirmation_path)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'when user does not have OTP enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: false)
+        end
+
+        describe 'when creation succeeds' do
+          it 'redirects to code confirmation page without updating user secret and setting otp secret in the session' do
+            expect do
+              post :create, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
+            end.to not_change { user.reload.otp_secret }
+               .and change { session[:new_otp_secret] }
+
+            expect(response).to redirect_to(new_settings_two_factor_authentication_confirmation_path)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when not signed in' do
+      it 'redirects to login' do
+        get :show
+
+        expect(response).to redirect_to new_user_session_path
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
--- a/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication/webauthn_credentials_controller_spec.rb
@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'rails_helper'
+require 'webauthn/fake_client'
+
+describe Settings::TwoFactorAuthentication::WebauthnCredentialsController do
+  render_views
+
+  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
+  let(:domain) { "#{Rails.configuration.x.use_https ? 'https' : 'http' }://#{Rails.configuration.x.web_domain}" }
+  let(:fake_client) { WebAuthn::FakeClient.new(domain) }
+
+  def add_webauthn_credential(user)
+    Fabricate(:webauthn_credential, user_id: user.id, nickname: 'USB Key')
+  end
+
+  describe 'GET #new' do
+    context 'when signed in' do
+      before do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+      end
+
+      context 'when user has otp enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns http success' do
+          get :new
+
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when user does not have otp enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: false)
+        end
+
+        it 'requires otp enabled first' do
+          get :new
+
+          expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+          expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'GET #index' do
+    context 'when signed in' do
+      before do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+      end
+
+      context 'when user has otp enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+        end
+
+        context 'when user has webauthn enabled' do
+          before do
+            user.update(webauthn_id: WebAuthn.generate_user_id)
+            add_webauthn_credential(user)
+          end
+
+          it 'returns http success' do
+            get :index
+
+            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when user does not has webauthn enabled' do
+          it 'redirects to 2FA methods list page' do
+            get :index
+
+            expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+            expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when user does not have otp enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: false)
+        end
+
+        it 'requires otp enabled first' do
+          get :index
+
+          expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+          expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when not signed in' do
+      it 'redirects to login' do
+        delete :index
+
+        expect(response).to redirect_to new_user_session_path
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'GET /options #options' do
+    context 'when signed in' do
+      before do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+      end
+
+      context 'when user has otp enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+        end
+
+        context 'when user has webauthn enabled' do
+          before do
+            user.update(webauthn_id: WebAuthn.generate_user_id)
+            add_webauthn_credential(user)
+          end
+
+          it 'returns http success' do
+            get :options
+
+            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
+          end
+
+          it 'stores the challenge on the session' do
+            get :options
+
+            expect(@controller.session[:webauthn_challenge]).to be_present
+          end
+
+          it 'does not change webauthn_id' do
+            expect { get :options }.to_not change { user.webauthn_id }
+          end
+
+          it "includes existing credentials in list of excluded credentials" do
+            get :options
+
+            excluded_credentials_ids = JSON.parse(response.body)['excludeCredentials'].map { |credential| credential['id'] }
+            expect(excluded_credentials_ids).to match_array(user.webauthn_credentials.pluck(:external_id))
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when user does not have webauthn enabled' do
+          it 'returns http success' do
+            get :options
+
+            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
+          end
+
+          it 'stores the challenge on the session' do
+            get :options
+
+            expect(@controller.session[:webauthn_challenge]).to be_present
+          end
+
+          it 'sets user webauthn_id' do
+            get :options
+
+            expect(user.reload.webauthn_id).to be_present
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when user has not enabled otp' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: false)
+        end
+
+        it 'requires otp enabled first' do
+          get :options
+
+          expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+          expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when not signed in' do
+      it 'redirects to login' do
+        get :options
+
+        expect(response).to redirect_to new_user_session_path
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'POST #create' do
+    let(:nickname) { 'SecurityKeyNickname' }
+
+    let(:challenge) do
+      WebAuthn::Credential.options_for_create(
+        user: { id: user.id, name: user.account.username, display_name: user.account.display_name }
+      ).challenge
+    end
+
+    let(:new_webauthn_credential) { fake_client.create(challenge: challenge) }
+
+    context 'when signed in' do
+      before do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+      end
+
+      context 'when user has enabled otp' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+        end
+
+        context 'when user has enabled webauthn' do
+          before do
+            user.update(webauthn_id: WebAuthn.generate_user_id)
+            add_webauthn_credential(user)
+          end
+
+          context 'when creation succeeds' do
+            it 'returns http success' do
+              @controller.session[:webauthn_challenge] = challenge
+
+              post :create, params: { credential: new_webauthn_credential, nickname: nickname }
+
+              expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
+            end
+
+            it 'adds a new credential to user credentials' do
+              @controller.session[:webauthn_challenge] = challenge
+
+              expect do
+                post :create, params: { credential: new_webauthn_credential, nickname: nickname }
+              end.to change { user.webauthn_credentials.count }.by(1)
+            end
+
+            it 'does not change webauthn_id' do
+              @controller.session[:webauthn_challenge] = challenge
+
+              expect do
+                post :create, params: { credential: new_webauthn_credential, nickname: nickname }
+              end.to_not change { user.webauthn_id }
+            end
+          end
+
+          context 'when the nickname is already used' do
+            it 'fails' do
+              @controller.session[:webauthn_challenge] = challenge
+
+              post :create, params: { credential: new_webauthn_credential, nickname: 'USB Key' }
+
+              expect(response).to have_http_status(500)
+              expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+            end
+          end
+
+          context 'when the credential already exists' do
+            before do
+              user2 = Fabricate(:user)
+              public_key_credential = WebAuthn::Credential.from_create(new_webauthn_credential)
+              Fabricate(:webauthn_credential,
+                        user_id: user2.id,
+                        external_id: public_key_credential.id,
+                        public_key: public_key_credential.public_key)
+            end
+
+            it 'fails' do
+              @controller.session[:webauthn_challenge] = challenge
+
+              post :create, params: { credential: new_webauthn_credential, nickname: nickname }
+
+              expect(response).to have_http_status(500)
+              expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when user have not enabled webauthn' do
+          context 'creation succeeds' do
+            it 'creates a webauthn credential' do
+              @controller.session[:webauthn_challenge] = challenge
+
+              expect do
+                post :create, params: { credential: new_webauthn_credential, nickname: nickname }
+              end.to change { user.webauthn_credentials.count }.by(1)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when user has not enabled otp' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: false)
+        end
+
+        it 'requires otp enabled first' do
+          post :create, params: { credential: new_webauthn_credential, nickname: nickname }
+
+          expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+          expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when not signed in' do
+      it 'redirects to login' do
+        post :create, params: { credential: new_webauthn_credential, nickname: nickname }
+
+        expect(response).to redirect_to new_user_session_path
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'DELETE #destroy' do
+    context 'when signed in' do
+      before do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+      end
+
+      context 'when user has otp enabled' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+        end
+
+        context 'when user has webauthn enabled' do
+          before do
+            user.update(webauthn_id: WebAuthn.generate_user_id)
+            add_webauthn_credential(user)
+          end
+
+          context 'when deletion succeeds' do
+            it 'redirects to 2FA methods list and shows flash success' do
+              delete :destroy, params: { id: user.webauthn_credentials.take.id }
+
+              expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+              expect(flash[:success]).to be_present
+            end
+
+            it 'deletes the credential' do
+              expect do
+                delete :destroy, params: { id: user.webauthn_credentials.take.id }
+              end.to change { user.webauthn_credentials.count }.by(-1)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when user does not have webauthn enabled' do
+          it 'redirects to 2FA methods list and shows flash error' do
+            delete :destroy, params: { id: '1' }
+
+            expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+            expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when user does not have otp enabled' do
+        it 'requires otp enabled first' do
+          delete :destroy, params: { id: '1' }
+
+          expect(response).to redirect_to settings_two_factor_authentication_methods_path
+          expect(flash[:error]).to be_present
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when not signed in' do
+      it 'redirects to login' do
+        delete :destroy, params: { id: '1' }
+
+        expect(response).to redirect_to new_user_session_path
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
--- a/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication_methods_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentication_methods_controller_spec.rb
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+describe Settings::TwoFactorAuthenticationMethodsController do
+  render_views
+
+  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
+
+  describe 'GET #index' do
+    context 'when signed in' do
+      before do
+        sign_in user, scope: :user
+      end
+
+      describe 'when user has enabled otp' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns http success' do
+          get :index
+
+          expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe 'when user has not enabled otp' do
+        before do
+          user.update(otp_required_for_login: false)
+        end
+
+        it 'redirects to enable otp' do
+          get :index
+
+          expect(response).to redirect_to(settings_otp_authentication_path)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when not signed in' do
+      it 'redirects' do
+        get :index
+
+        expect(response).to redirect_to '/auth/sign_in'
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
--- a/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentications_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/settings/two_factor_authentications_controller_spec.rb
@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require 'rails_helper'
-
-describe Settings::TwoFactorAuthenticationsController do
-  render_views
-
-  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
-
-  describe 'GET #show' do
-    context 'when signed in' do
-      before do
-        sign_in user, scope: :user
-      end
-
-      describe 'when user requires otp for login already' do
-        it 'returns http success' do
-          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
-          get :show
-
-          expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
-        end
-      end
-
-      describe 'when user does not require otp for login' do
-        it 'returns http success' do
-          user.update(otp_required_for_login: false)
-          get :show
-
-          expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context 'when not signed in' do
-      it 'redirects' do
-        get :show
-        expect(response).to redirect_to '/auth/sign_in'
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'POST #create' do
-    context 'when signed in' do
-      before do
-        sign_in user, scope: :user
-      end
-
-      describe 'when user requires otp for login already' do
-        it 'redirects to show page' do
-          user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
-          post :create
-
-          expect(response).to redirect_to(settings_two_factor_authentication_path)
-        end
-      end
-
-      describe 'when creation succeeds' do
-        it 'updates user secret' do
-          before = user.otp_secret
-          post :create, session: { challenge_passed_at: Time.now.utc }
-
-          expect(user.reload.otp_secret).not_to eq(before)
-          expect(response).to redirect_to(new_settings_two_factor_authentication_confirmation_path)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    context 'when not signed in' do
-      it 'redirects' do
-        get :show
-        expect(response).to redirect_to '/auth/sign_in'
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'POST #destroy' do
-    before do
-      user.update(otp_required_for_login: true)
-    end
-
-    context 'when signed in' do
-      before do
-        sign_in user, scope: :user
-      end
-
-      it 'turns off otp requirement with correct code' do
-        expect_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:validate_and_consume_otp!) do |value, arg|
-          expect(value).to eq user
-          expect(arg).to eq '123456'
-          true
-        end
-
-        post :destroy, params: { form_two_factor_confirmation: { otp_attempt: '123456' } }
-
-        expect(response).to redirect_to(settings_two_factor_authentication_path)
-        user.reload
-        expect(user.otp_required_for_login).to eq(false)
-      end
-
-      it 'does not turn off otp if code is incorrect' do
-        expect_any_instance_of(User).to receive(:validate_and_consume_otp!) do |value, arg|
-          expect(value).to eq user
-          expect(arg).to eq '057772'
-          false
-        end
-
-        post :destroy, params: { form_two_factor_confirmation: { otp_attempt: '057772' } }
-
-        user.reload
-        expect(user.otp_required_for_login).to eq(true)
-      end
-
-      it 'raises ActionController::ParameterMissing if code is missing' do
-        post :destroy
-        expect(response).to have_http_status(400)
-      end
-    end
-
-    it 'redirects if not signed in' do
-      get :show
-      expect(response).to redirect_to '/auth/sign_in'
-    end
-  end
-end
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More